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I C D O
ICDO is an intergovernmental organisation and stands for the International Civil Defence Organisation. Its objective is to contribute to the development of national structures for ensuring the protection of population and safeguarding property and the environment in the face of natural and man-made disasters. These national structures are generally known as civil protection, civil defence or civil safety. They are all concerned with the management of emergency situations.
The ICDO federates the national structures established by States for this purpose with the aim of favouring cooperation and mutual solidarity amongst them. The functioning of the Organisation is ensured by the General Assembly, the Executive Council, and the Permanent Secretariat.
The General Assembly is the supreme authority of the Organisation and is composed of the delegates representing Member States. The General Assembly meets in ordinary session at intervals not exceeding two years.
The Executive Council meets at least once a year. The Council implements the decisions taken by the Assembly and conducts the activities of the Organisation in accordance with these decisions.
The Permanent Secretariat is responsible for the technical and administrative management of the Organisation. The Secretary-General is appointed by the Assembly on the nomination of the Council on such terms as the Assembly may determine. The Secretary-General is the chief technical and administrative officer of the Organisation. He appoints the staff of the Secretariat in accordance with staff regulations established by the Assembly.
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The ICDOs Membership is open to all States which accept its Constitution and takes effect thirty days after the deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession.
All States may ask to be admitted to the status of Observer. This status does not offer all the privileges of State Membership. An Observer may participate in all ICDOs activities and will be invited to sessions of the General Assembly without right of vote. The status of Observer is reviewed every two years by the General Assembly and maintained to the extent in which the State shows its interest in the activities and programmes of the Organisation.
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THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members, and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
This international humanitarian movement consists of several distinct organizations that are legally independent from each other, but united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes, and governing organisations. The movement's parts are the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution founded in 1863 in Geneva, Switzerland, by Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier. Its 25-member committee has a unique authority under international humanitarian law to protect the life and dignity of the victims of international and internal armed conflicts.
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was founded in 1919 and today it coordinates activities between the 188 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies within the movement. On an international level, in close cooperation with the National Societies the Federation leads and organizes relief assistance missions responding to large-scale emergencies. The International Federation Secretariat is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies exist in nearly every country in the world. Currently 188 National Societies are recognized by the ICRC and admitted as full members of the Federation. Each entity works in its home country according to the principles of international humanitarian law and the statutes of the international movement. Depending on their specific circumstances and capacities, National Societies can take on additional humanitarian tasks that are not directly defined by international humanitarian law or the mandates of the international Movement. In many countries, they are tightly linked to the respective national health care system by providing emergency medical services.
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