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27. .




.

(Hans Eysenck) . . , , . -, - (hypothetico-deductive) , . -, 35 , (types). , , .

: (Cyril Burt), (Charles Spearman) . , , , , , . , , (Cohen, 1977). , .

, . . 50- , , . , , , , , , (Eysenck, 1952).

. , , (Eysenck, 1982, . 298).

, . 70- , (Arthur Jensen), , (IQ) , . (The IQ Argument,1971) , , , , , (Eysenck, 1980, . 175).

.

.

(Hans Jurgen Eysenck) 4 1916 . , , . , , . , , , 4 , , (1990, . 40). , , . - , - . , , , (. 40). , , .

, , . , . . . , , , ... (Eysenck, 1990c, . 12). , , , , . : , (. 14).

, . , , . , , . ... ( ) (Eysenck, 1990, . 31).

, : , , , , . , . , , , , : . , , : , (Eysenck, 1982, . 289).

, . , , , , , /, . , , (Eysenck, 1954).

18 , , 1938 . . . , . , , . 1935 , , . , . , , - , . , , : ? (Eysenck, 1982, . 290).

1940 , , , . , . , , - (Mill Hill Emergency Hospital), , , , . . , , : / . (Dimensions of Personality,Eysenck,1947). .

, 1949 , . 19491950 , , , (Eysenck, 1980, 1990 ).

, 30 1950 , , , . . , , .

, 1955 80- . , 1983 , . (professor emeritus) 4 1997 . , , , (Eysenck, 1993, 1995), (Eyesenck & Grossarth-Maticek, 1991).

(The Structure of Human Personality,1952b), , . . 800 , 75 , , , , (Uses and Abuses of Psychology,1953), (Sense and Nonsense in Psychology,1956), (Fact and Fiction in Psychology,1965), (Psychology Is About People, 1972 b), (You and Neurosis,1977 b), , . . . (D. K. B. Nias) (Sex, Violence and the Media,1978), , (Smoking, Personality and Stress,1991 ) : (Genius: The Natural History of Creativity,1995).

.

, . .

(specific acts or cognitions), , , . , , , . , , .

(habitual acts or cognitions), , . , , . , . .

(trait). (1981) , (semi-permanent) (. 3). . , , , , . , (Eysenck, 1990, . 244). 35 ( ) , , , .

, , (types), (superfactors). . , , , , (introverted type).

, ; , , , , .

. 27.1.

. 27.1. , , . , , ,

.

: (Extraversion) (E) (Neuroticism) (N) (Eysenck, 1947, 1952). (Psychoticism) (P), , - . . . 27.2 P, E N.

. 27.2. (P) , (E) / (N) (: Handbook of personality: Theory and research, H. J. Eysenck, L. A. Pervin (Ed.). p. 244-276. New-York: Guilford Press. Guilford Press).

, E , (Introversion). N (Stability) , P , (Superego strenght). . , , , , . , , . ; , (1994) , .

, , , . , . , , , , - , , .

. -, . . , , . . , , , , . . (social relevance), , ( ) , , , , (accident proneness), , , . .

, .

-, , E N. () , , . ( ) - . , E N , E () QI (/) , N () QII ().

, , , . , , , , , , (Evans, 1976, . 259).

-, , . , , (agreeableness) (conscientiousness), (John, 1990), .

-, , E N, . , , , / / , . , , , . P (), , . , , , , , . , . , , - (diathesis-stress model) , , - , . () . , , P-, . , , , . , , .

-, , , (Eysenck, 1983), (Eysenck, 1976), (Eysenck, 1964; Eysenck & Gudjonsson, 1989), (Eysenck, 1991 b, 1991 ; Grossart-Maticek, Eysenck, & Vetter, 1988) (Eysenck, 1993).

(Eysenck, 1982, . 29).

, . (1990 ) , . . -, , , , , , (Eysenck, 1990a, . 245-246). -, , . -, , , , , .

, . , (Maudsley Personality Inventory), MPI, E N . (Eysenck Personality Inventory), EPI. EPI (L), , , , , , , . EPI , (1975) , (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire), IPQ, EPI (P). , (P), (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised).

/

(), , /. , , . , , . . , , , . / . , , , , , , , .

, , . , , , , , , , . , , , , , .

, (cortical arousal level) , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , , , .

, , . . , , , , . , , , , , , , . , ( ) , , .

/

(N) , . /, N . , , , . , , , , , , , .

. , , , , . , , . . , - , N , .

, - . - , ( ). N, , . . 27.3 /, , . , A, B C , . A , , ; B , , , ( , ), ; C , , , , . A, D E, , : A , ; D , , ; E .

. 27.3. , E N

. 27.3 , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , .

/

(P) , , , - . . / , . P , , , , , , . , ( -߻), , , .

P , , . , . , , , .

/ (P) E, N. . 27.4 , . ( , , . 27.4 , . .) , . , F 27.4 -߻, ( ) /. .

. 27.4. ,

.

. , , , . , , , .

. -, . . . (social relevance), , ( ) .

. , , , . , . , , , , .

35 , : /, / /. , , .

, , , , , .

. , . , , .

.

- (Diathesis-stress model). , , - , . () .

(Introversion). E, . .

(Neuroticism). N, , , . .

(Habitual acts or cognitions). , . .

(Psychoticism). P, . .

(Specific acts or cognitions). , , . .

(Stability). N, , . .

- (Superego strenght). P, , . .

(). , , (superfactors). . : (E), (N) (P).

(Cortical arousal level). , , , . , , , .

(Trait). , , (semi-permanent) . .

(Extraversion). E, , . .

.

Cohen D., (1977). Psychologists on psychology, New York: Taplinger.

Evans R. I., (1976). The making of psychology. New York: Knopf.

Eysenck H. J., (1947). Dimensions of Personality, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck H. J., (1952). The Structure of Human Personality, London: Methuen.

Eysenck H. J., (1954). The psychology of politics. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Eysenck H. J., (1964). Crime and personality, Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Eysenck H. J., (1976). Sex and personality, Austin: University of Texas Press.

Eysenck H. J., (1980). An autobiography. In G. Lindzey (Ed.) A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 7), SF: Freeman.

Eysenck H. J., (1981). A model of personality. New York: Springer.

Eysenck H. J., (1982). Personality, genetics and behavior: Selected papers. New York: Praeger.

Eysenck H. J., (1983). Psychopharmacology and personality. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Eysenck H. J., (1990). Rebel with a cause: The autobiography of H. J. Eysenck. London: W.H.Allen.

Eysenck H. J., (1993). Creativity and personality: Suggestions for a theory. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 147-179.

Eysenck H. J., (1995). Genius: The Natural History of Creativity, Cambridge: Camridge University Press.

Eysenck H. J., & Grossarth-Maticek, (1991). Creative novation behaviour therapy as a prophylactic treatment for cancer. Behaviour Research Therapy, 29, 17-31.

Feist J., Feist G., (1998). Theories of Personality, McGraw-Hill.

John O. P., (1990). The Big Five factor taxonomy. New York: Guilford Press.





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