: . . - (1967), 1956 . 86,2%, 1956 . 93-94%. , - , , . , - . , , , ... 125. , ,
122 , . 43.
123 , . 47-48.
124 , . 88.
125 . . ... . 46. . 49-50 :
?. -
, , . ,
-
, , . , XX . , . , , .
, . , , , : (. . .) 100% 12 126. , : (, , , .) , , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , , 127.
|
|
. , ?
126 . . // .
... . 7.
127 . .
. , . 16. : 280 174
, 100% -, , , 128. , , , , , , . , ? , : , 95% 129. , , . : , 10-12% ?130 95% , ( ; , , , ; ) , ? , , -
. 73,5% . , , 41% , , - 59% ( . . . . , . 96).
128 , , , : ... 1957 . 300 , . , . 1957-58 . ( . . . . , . 38). , , .
|
|
129 . . ... . 7.
130 , . 8.
19,1% ( ) , 131. , ( !) 7-8% 132. , - , - status quo ante?
. 190 3 1 , : , - , , ... - , , , ... , ( ) 1 . , , 2-3 . , ( ) 133(-
131 . . .
. , 1999, 5, . 94-98.
132 Nicolay U. et al. Diphtheria antitoxin level 2 years after booster vaccination. Wien. Med.
Wochenschr. 2000; 150:435-9.
133 . . -
I . -
. , 1996 ., . 2 24. , ,
, .
? . -
(5 5
: , , , , , ,
, ) -
, , -
.
(. 25). , , ,
. . .). ( , 2-3 ) , , , ? , . , , 134. , , , ? - , , 95%?
|
|
, . 95%, 80%135, , . 1990- .
. , . , . .
134 . ., . . -
. ,
2004, 2(7), . 24-26.
135 , 1988 . 26% -
0,01 / (Kjeldsen . et al. Immunity against diphtheria and tetanus
in the age group 30-70 years. Scand J. Infect. Dis. 1988; 20:177-85),
, , -
60,5% {McQuillan G. . et al. Serologic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the United
States. Ann. Intern. Med. May 2002; 136:660-6). 60%
( 0.1 / ), 10% (
0,01/) 30% - ( 0,01 0,09 /).
. von Hunolstein . et al. Diphtheria antibody levels in the Italian Population. Eur. J. Clin.
Microbiol. Infect. Dis. June 2000; 19:433-7.
, , , 6 , -. ... 10 , , , ( , , , . ). , . ( , ). , 91 . ( )136. . , ? , , ? .
, . , , , , , . . , , : (70%) ...137. : 19 , 2,5 , 9 ( 7 , ) 10 ( )138. : , , . (4,1 100 . ) 7-10 , -
|
|
136 Lumio J. Studies... p. 4.
137 . . . - // ...
. 46.
138 . . , . 57-58.
... 20% 7-10 62% 3 139. , , (80%) , , ? : , 1992-93 . (36 ) 24 , 12 (8 ) . 67 19 , 28,4%140. : ... , . , 57% 66% . , , 141. . , , , . . , , .... , . 1992 . 262 15 . , , , 98,2% (!) , 84,2%. 5 , -: 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4)
139 . ... , . 24. : ... 1990 .
(95%)
( . . .). . .
... . 230-231.
140 . . . //
... . 49.
14141 . ... , . 35-36. .:
5) ( . . .)142.
, , . , , : ! ! ! , , (: , ). ... . 1996 . 5 ; 82%143.
, , . 100 000 , , : 1992 2,6; 1993 10,3; 1994 26,8; 1995 24,1; 1996 9,3; 1997 2,7; 1998 1,0. 0,5-0,6. 1995 . , . : 1995 77,8; 1996 83,7; 1997 87,5; 1998 91,3... 2001 95,4. , , , 73%, 77,8% 1995 , , . 83,7% 1996 ., 9,3% , , .
|
|
, . ,
142 Chen R. . et al. Ukraine, 1992: first assessment of diphtheria vaccine effectiveness during
the recent resurgence of diphtheria in the former Soviet Union. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181
Suppl l:S178-83.
143 . . ... . 231.
, : > > > . .
1993-1996144, 1994-1996145, 1992-1997146, 1993-1997147, 1993-1996148, 1994-1998149, 1994-1997150, 1993-1996151, 1994-1996152, 1991-1996153, 1993-1997154, 1993-1996 .155, 1991-1997156, 1993-1996157.
, , , , , , . . , , , -
144 Vitek . R., VelibekovA. S. Epidemic diphtheria in the 1990s: Azerbaijan. J. Infect. Dis. Feb
2000; 181 Suppl l:S73-9.
145 Balasanian M., McNabb S. J. Epidemic investigation of diphtheria in the Republic of Arme-
nia 1990-1996. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S69-72.
146 Filonov V. P. et al. Epidemic diphtheria in Belarus, 1992-1997. J. Infect. Dis Feb 2000- 181
Suppl l:S41-6.
147 Khetsuriani N. et al. Diphtheria epidemic in the Republic of Georgia, 1993-1997. J. Infect
Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S80-5.
148 Kembabanova G etal. Epidemic investigation of diphtheria, Republic of Kazakhstan, 1990-1996. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S94-7.
149 Glinyenko V. M. et al. Epidemic diphtheria in the Kyrgyz Republic, 1994-1998. J. Infect. Dis Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S98-103.
150 GriskevicaA et al. Diphtheria in Latvia, 1986-1996. J. Infect Dis Feb 2000- 181 Suppl 1-
S60-4.
15151 sonis V. et al. Diphtheria in Lithuania, 1986-1996. J. Infect. Dis Feb 2000- 181 Suppl 1-
S55-9.
152 Magdei A. et al. Epidemiology and control of diphtheria in the Republic of Moldova, 1946-
1996. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S47-54.
153 Markina S. S. et al. Diphtheria in the Russian Federation in the 1990s. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000;
181 Suppl l:S27-34.
154 Usmanov I. et al. Universal immunization: the diphtheria control strategy of choice in the
Republic of Tajikistan, 1993-1997. /. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S86-93.
155 Niyazmatov B. I. et al. Diphtheria epidemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan, 1993-1996. J.
Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S104-9.
156 Nekrassova L. S. et al. Epidemic diphtheria in Ukraine, 1991-1997. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000'
181 Suppl l:S35-40.
157 Jxgiste A. Diphtheria in Estonia, 1991-1996. J. Infect. Dis. Feb 2000; 181 Suppl l:S65-8.
- . , - . - , , -, , , - . ? , , , ? , , , . , , . , . , .
, - . , , , , , , , . , , . : . , , , 5-10 . . , , 20 . , . , 5-10 ? , . . , ... ! . : ... , , , 158. , , ( ?),
158 . . on the Web 1996;.2(67).
, . , . , . , . , , , - ...
, 1980- . , . 1990- . . . , ( 7-41/95 17 1991 .), , , ... : 75,5% , 28,8% ( . .)159. (, ?), . . . , 1986 .: ... ... 160. ? , , 1990 . . 541 , 38% 1431 , . 109 (8%). , . 1991 ., urbi et orbi ,
159 . . ... // ... . 61.
160 . . . .
., , 1986. . : . . ... // ... . 61.
, , , 1876 1103 . 94% 3167 , , . , 1992 ., , 5749 , . , , , , , - , . . 1993 ., 15209 2982 , , , , 161. , , . , , , , , , .