, , , ; ( 1987, . 27). , : , , , , . .
. (. Intensive reading, . 97), . , , - I" . , ( , , ), : , . .
Critical reading
, ( 1973, . 68, 72) , ( , , , ) , , . , , . , (. Reading for detailed comprehension, . 100). , , , , (Silberstein 1987, Eskey and Grabe 1993).
3.3. Teaching listening skills
Listening / Listening comprehension
, (. Receptive skills, . 91).
:
(auditory perception) (recognition, discrimination);
(concentration);
, (anticipation / prediction / forward inferencing);
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(guessing / inferring from context);
(segmentation / chunking) (grouping);
;
, .
, :
- , , , ;
- .
(. Communicative listening, . 102) (. Guided listening, . 102). -- . .
.: Anderson and Lynch 1993; Rest 1993, 1994; Field 1998; 1991; 1996a, 19966; , 1998.
Guided listening
, , , , .
. , , , .
, , , , , ( 1985; 1996, 19966).
:
intensive listening (. intensive reading);
extensive listening (. extensive reading).
Communicative listening
, - . ( ) (. Communicative reading, . 98).
, , , :
skim listening ;
listening for detailed comprehension ;
listening for partial comprehension ;
critical listening . , , :
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interactional listening - ;
listening to interaction ;
transactional listening .
, . , ( , , , ) .
.: Anderson and Lynch 1993; Rost 1993, 1994; Lynch 1996, p. 92; Field 1998; 1991.