XVII . : (. ) (. X. ).
(), . . , , . .
, , , - . , - .
, . .
, . , , , . , , . .
, , , . ,
/υ = = n, (26.1)
υ ε μ. , . , ε μ , , ( ). , , . .
, , ε . , , . , , , , .
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. , , , . . (), ν
0 = hν, (26.2)
h = 6,625×10-34 × - .
. , , o , (26.2),
m = 0/ 2 = hv / 2= h / λ, (26.3)
= hv / = h / λ. (26.4)
, . , . , , . () (). - . (26.2; 26.3; 26.4) . , .
26.2.
, . , . . . . , , , . .
, , , :
ξ 1 = 1cos(ωt+φ 1) ξ 2 = 2cos(ωt+φ 2). (26.5)
:
2 = 12 + 12 + 2 1 2s(φ 2 φ 1).(26.6)
, cos (φ 2 φ 1) ( ) , (I~A 2)
I = I 1 + I 2 + 2 cos(φ2 φ 1). (26.7)
, cos (φ 2 φ 1)>0, I > I 1 + I 2,
os(φ 2 φ 1)<0, I < I 1 + I 2.
, ( ) , , . .
, , , , .
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. o , , n 1 s 1, n 2- s 2. 1 = 1 cos ω (t - s 1/ υ 1), 2 = 2cos ω (t-s 2 /υ 2), υ 1 =c/n 2, υ 2 =c/n 2 . , , ,
δ =ω (s 2 /υ 2- s 1 /υ 1) = (s 2 n 2 s 1 n 1). (26.8)
s n L = s n,
δ = (L 2 L 1), (26.9)
a L 2 L 1 = Δ - .
δ = Δ. (26.10)
Δ = mλ 0 (m = 1,2,3, ), (26.11)
δ = 2 mπ , , . , (26.11) .
Δ = (2 m+ 1) λ 0 / 2 (m = 1,2,3, ), (26.12)
δ = (2 m+ 1) π , , . , (26.12) .
, , , (.26.1).
. . , .
: m -- :
rm = , (m =0,1,2,3,), (26.13)
m -- :
rm* = , (m =0,1,2,3,). (26.14)
, ( ) λ 0 , , λ 0 .
. , , .
, . , λ 0/2, . . , .
m - - :
rm = , (m =0,1,2,3,), (26.15)
m -- :
rm * = , (m =0,1,2,3,). (26.16)