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, 700 .
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, United Airlines , . " ". 1900 " " United Airlines , , , . : " , ( ), " 13.
Dana, " ", . . ; ; , . . , . , , "" .
, (-), , Procter & Gamble Frito-Lay. - , , " ". , , Procter & Gamble, , , - . , -, , ( -), .
Schlumberger ( ) " " 2000 -, , , . , , , : " - , , , -" 14. , . Schlumberger Schlumberger, , . , , . , Schlumberger , .
IBM, Digital Raychem , . 1920- . Digital , " ". 3M " " 15. , 3M . - 3M. Raychem -. .
, . , . , , . , . , , , " ", . ; , Procter & Gamble. , , -. - -, : , - , Procter & Gamble. Procter & Gamble . , - , -, . , , -, " ", - . .
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"" . , 6 . (, . .) " ", . . , . , . , . . , , - , , , . ( ), .
Hewlett-Packard. , 3,5 , ( 70 ). 1200 . , 2000 . ( , , ). 3M, , , , . : " , Hewlett-Packard . , , , " ".
, , 3M, . : ", . . . , . , ". (" ?" .) ", , - . , . , , ".
, , , . 3M , , ( 3M ); Johnson & Johnson ( , 5 , 150); Texas Instruments; , , IBM; "" General Electric; , Digital; Bloomingsdale's. , , . " ".
. . " ", , , , . , , . , 223 , , " ". , . . , , , 3M, Fluor, Texas Instruments Bechtel. , " " IBM, . "" , ( General Electric IBM). Procter & Gamble . "" , , Procter & Gamble, Digital, Hewlett-Packard, 3M, Johnson & Johnson Wang.
, , , , . , 3M . "" , . (" , - ".) , .
. , , General Motors. "": Pontiac Buick , Pontiac Chevrolet , . . General Motors . , , General Motors, : " , " 16.
. , Bloomingsdale's - , . , "" "".
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IBM , . . , , , . . ( "" ).
Hewlett-Packard " ". , - , . , , : ", !" Texas Instruments. Texas Instruments , . Texas Instruments , ( " ") . " ".
Digital - "" . Digital . "" . Fortune : " Digital . -, 10000 , -, "". -, Digital " 18. Digital, Procter & Gamble, ( ) , ( , ).
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MIT 21. , , (. 7.1). 10 , 89% ( 25%, 5 ).
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