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, . IBM , . 3M. General Instruments , , .

. , . . 195% , . : ", , , 1,2 , 4,6 . , , , '" , , : ", , 1,2 !"

, , . Macy's: " , , , , " 40. , , , , Bloomingdale's -. . , ( Fingerhut), , . " , ", 41. Ore-Ida. , , . , . Ore-Ida .

 

 

, , , , , . , , , - , - , - . . , - , , .

, , . . , , , . . . 6.1, , , , . , , , , . .

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6.1 ,

(14 )

/ / Data GeneralAllen-BradleyDigital Equipment CorporationEmersonInternational Business MachinesHewlett-PackardNational SemiconductorLanierRaychemTexas Instruments ROLM Schlumberger Tandem Wang

(11 )

/ / Blue BellFrito-LayAvon MarsChesebrough-Ponds MaytagFingerhut Procter & GambleJohnson & Johnson Levi Strauss Tupperware

(12 )

/ / KmartAmerican AirlinesBloomingdales DeltaCitibank Disney ProductionsMorgan Bank MariottNeiman-Marcus McDonalds Ogilvy & Mather Wal-Mart

(4 )

/ / DanaCaterpillarMinnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M) Deere

(3 )

/ / Bechtel Boeing Fluor

(6 )

/ / Amoco Du PontArco Nucor SteelExxon Dow , Texas Instruments , . Texas Instruments . , , Texas Instruments , . 8, Texas Instruments , . . , , . , , Texas Instruments - . , . Texas Instruments , , .

, Lanier IBM , . , IBM , " ", , , , . Allen-Bradley, , ( ), , , . , , , : .

-, , , , , , Hewlett-Packard Digital, , , . , . , Wang 1980 . " " - Wang 75%, . , , .

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, , : . , , .

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Levi Strauss Blue Bell. , , . Levi's , , , , "". Blue Bell, 2 , , .

Johnson & Johnson, , , . Johnson & Johnson 150 , . Johnson & Johnson , , , ( ) . Chesebrough-Pond's.

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. , Ogilvy & Mather , , . Marriott Hotels . - " ", . , Marriott Hotels, , , Marriott , - . Delta American Airlines. , . American Airlines , . Delta American Airlines, , Delta, .

: Morgan Citibank. . ( , .) Citibank , . Citibank 1970 , .

, , McDonald's Disney. . McDonald's Disney .

? , , Neiman-Marcus Bloomingdale's. Neiman-Marcus, 1907 : " " 44. , Bloomingdale's .

Wal-Mart , 1970- 1980- . . 1972 Wal-Mart 18 330, 45 1,6 . Wal-Mart , . Wal-Mart Kmart , Lanier . Wal-Mart " " -. : , Wal-Mart Kmart.

Kmart , Emerson . , . , , . , , Kmart . , Kmart Sears. " " Sears, Kmart.

, , 3M: , . Caterpillar Deere, , . . , Dana. Emerson, .

Fluor, Bechtel Boeing. Fluor Bechtel , . . Boeing , . , , , , .

, , , . . , ( , ), . (, , Utah International Incorporated, GE, , . , , .) Amoco, Area Exxon , , .

, , . Dow Du Pont , . Dow, , , , , " ". Du Pont . Du Pont , , .

, , , . Nucor .

. , , , 80 90% , . , , , , "" .

 





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