| Raspberries for the Home Garden (1)
Raspberries belong to a large group of fruits known as brambles(2), all in the plant genus Rubus(3). Three main types which can be grown in the home garden are red, black, and purple (4). (Yellow raspberries are albino red raspberries (5). Raspberries can be grown successfully in most areas of Minnesota.
Raspberries have perennial roots (6)and crowns (7), but their canes (8) live for only two summers. Most raspberries are summer-bearing varieties (9). During the first year, the new green cane (primocane) (10) grows vegetatively. The cane develops a brown bark (11), is dormant (12)in winter, and during the second growing season is called a floricane (13). The floricane produces fruit and then dies (14). New primocanes are produced each year, so fruit production continues year after year.
Red and yellow raspberries produce numerous new canes from the base of the floricanes and from buds (15)produced on the roots. The plants can spread in any direction. Thus “raspberry patch” (16)is an apt name if the canes are not controlled through pruning (17).
Black and most purple raspberries produce primocanes only from the buds at the base of the floricanes. These clumps or “hills” (18) remain in the original planting location.
Ever-bearing red raspberries (19), also called “fall-bearing” (20) or “primocane-fruiting” (21)raspberries, are able to initiate flowers (22) during the first year. These cultivars (23)produce fruit at the tips of the primocanes. During the second year, they can produce a summer crop on the same canes. One problem with this type of raspberry in Minnesota is that in areas of the state where the growing season is short, many fruits may be lost to early freezes (24). Pruning of fall-bearers may be adjusted (25)to allow for both a fall and following summer crop, or to take just the fall crop.
Grow raspberries in a part of the garden that has good air circulation (26), good drainage (27), and full sunlight (28). Good air movement helps foliage (29) dry faster, thereby reducing disease problems. Standing water (30) will increase the likelihood of disease problems and death of the plants due to a lack of oxygen to the roots. Any well-drained soil is satisfactory for growing raspberries. Irrigation (31)will be needed on a sandy soil, and even on more moisture-retentive soils (32)during dry spells (33). Raspberry canes are sensitive to desiccation (34), so avoid a windswept site (35).
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Exercise 1 b. Mach the phrases in column A with their equivalents in column B:
| A. Raspberries belong to a large group of fruits known as brambles, all in the plant genus Rubus.
| 1. () , .
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| B. Raspberry canes are sensitive to desiccation, so avoid a windswept site.
| 2. , .
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| C. Irrigation will be needed on a sandy soil, and even on more moisture-retentive soils during dry spells.
| 3. , , .
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| D. Three main types which can be grown in the home garden are red, black, and purple.
| 4. , , .
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| E. Red and yellow raspberries produce numerous new canes from the base of the floricanes and from buds produced on the roots.
| 5. , , , .
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| F. Pruning of fall-bearers may be adjusted to allow for both a fall and following summer crop, or to take just the fall crop.
| 6. .
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| G. Ever-bearing red raspberries, also called fall-bearing or primocane-fruiting raspberries, are able to initiate flowers during the first year.
| 7. , .
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