, . . - . , 5%, . (Eberl, 1980), :
1. ( ).
2. .
, .. ( Na, K+ Na+). , . . , , , .
. .
, . . . . ( ) . .
, . . , , . . , . , , . . . , , . , .
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, , . . .
. , . , . , . , . . : , , (. . 8). .
. 8. .
( ) . , . , Ca2+, . .
, . , . , . , , , . , , . .
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, , . , . , , , . .
. , . , - . , .. , .
15 c (), . . 9 , 15 : 15 . 15 , 15 . , . , 15 . . 9 . , , , ( ), . , 15 (M-I GEL ) 20 /. (5,5%), (100 /), (21,2%) (8,6 /).
. 9. , .
, . : 15 , 18% , 28 /, 81,2%, 9,4 /.
, . (M-I GEL). , .. . , . M-I GEL M-I GEL SUPREME . , M-I GEL , M-I GEL SUPREME . M-I GEL API Specification 13A, Section 4 Bentonite; M-I GEL
SUPREME - API Specification 13A, Section 5 Non-Treated Bentonite. M-I OCMA bentonite, API Specification 13A, Section 6 OCMA Bentonite.
: OCMA . . Oil Companies Materials Association ( ).