ó
.
, .
.
. (2.33)
. (2.34)
.
3.
, MnO4-. ,
- (n4-) - , n2 +, :
n4-+ 8 + + 5 = n2 + + 42
0 n4-/ n2 + = 1,51
n4- :
n4-+ = n42-
MnO (OH) 2 MnO2:
n4-+ 22 + 3 = n2 ↓ + 4-
0 n4-/ n2 = 0,59
, : 0,1 0,01 n4 100 - . n2 +, .
n4 . ' n4 . . (IV). , , (IV):
4 n4 + 22 = 4 n2 ↓ + 4-+ 32
䳺 , n2:
n4 = 2n4 + n2 ↓ + 2
- . 2, . ' , , ' . 0,05 / .
, , 224 * 22 Na2C2O4.
-
; :
5NO3 + 2n4 + 32SO4 = 2MnSO4 + 5NO2 + K2SO4 + 3H2O
, :
2NO2-+ 2H + → 2 HNO2 → NO2-+ NO + H2O
, - .
|
|
. , . 24 + 2SO4 24 , , , . 2 +, .
2 + 24, , 2SO4 1.
24 + 2SO4 → 224 + SO4
4 !
29
1. .
2.-. г . - .
3.., , . . , . .
4. , 0,1 K2SO3 (K1(H2SO3)=1,3*10-2, 2(H2SO3)=6*10-8.
1
: .
, . , .
. : (), -, -.
2
́-́ ́) , + -. . ³ - .
: -, - .
-
, - | |
Ox + n e = Red | |
- | |
* ( ) | |
, : | m Ox + n e = k Red |
г , - ** | |
/Red , , 1. | |
г 25 | |
*** , | Σ=Σ n i E i/Σ n i |
|
|
* /Red - ; E /Red ; n , ; a Ox (a Red) () , F ; R ; T
**m k - .
*** Σ ; E i c ; n i ,
1+, - , .
. . () :
- ;
;
.
- .
-
- | |
: OxL m, c L>> c 0x | |
Ox + m L = OxL m | |
βm * = OxL m/ (× Lm) | |
= OxL m / βm L m | |
г | |
, 1 | |
³ : RedL k, c L>> c Red | |
Red + k L = RedL k | |
βk** = RedL k ( Red × L k) | |
Red = RedL k / βk L k | |
г | |
, 1 | |
: OxL m RedL k c L>> c Red c L>> c 0x | |
Ox + Red + (k + m) L = OxL m + RedL k | |
г , 1 |
* βm , OxL m , L , .
**βk , RedL k , Red L , .
K S ; Red .
-
- | |
m | |
= K S , OxA/ A m | |
г | |
, 1 | |
³ | Red k |
Red = K S , RedA/ Ak | |
г | |
, 1 |
- -
K ; Red .
|
|
- - -
- | |
- | |
xH + ne = Red + H+ | |
* | K = Ox× a + /a |
= K / ( Ox × a + ) | |
г | |
, 1 | |
³ - | |
x + 1+ + ne = RedH | |
Red = K / ( Red a + ) | |
г , 1 | |
- | |
xH + ne = RedH | |
г 1 |
* K , Ox, a + H+.
() Ű´
() ´ - . , 1, , - , .
, .
/Red = /Red + (0,059/ n)lg(γ Ox/ γ Red) + (0,059/ n)lg([Ox]/[Red]);
´/Red = /Red + (0,059/ n)lg(γ Ox/ γ Red).
, . .
- , .
1.3.5.
-
, - | |
Ox + m H+ + n e = Red | |
г | |
, 1 |