, ( ):
AnAn-1An-2...A1A0, A-1A-2...= n n + n-1 n-1 ++ 1 1 + 0 0 + -1 -1+ + -2 -2 +
( , . , , . ).
, .
( ):
23,4310= 2 101+ 3 100+ 4 10-1+ 3 10-2
( 3 , );
69210= 6 102 + 9101 + 2.
(692 , , ).
11012 = 1 23 + 1 22 + 0 21 + 120 = 1310;
1123 = 1 32 + 1 31 + 2 30 = 1410;
341,58 = 3 82 + 4 81 + 1 80 + 5 8-1 = 225,12510;
A1F,416 = A 162 + 1 161 + F 160 + 4 16-1 = 2591,62510.
( , , ), . , , , , .
, , . . .. . ( , ) . . .. .
, , . . . 7 (I, V, X, L, , D, ), :
I(1) V(5) X(10) L(50) (100) D(500) (1000).
: III (), LIX ( ), DLV ( ). , - , , , ( , .).
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3.3.2.
, , .. (0 1).
. . ( ) , 0. , , . :
25/2=12 (1),
12/2=6 (0),
6/2=3 (0),
3/2=1 (1),
1/2=0 (1).
: 2510=110012.
( , 0 ) 2. . , , 2 .. , () . :
0,732=1,46 ( 1),
0,462 = 0,92 ( 0),
0,922 = 1,84 ( 1),
0,842 = 1,68 ( 1) ..
: 0,7310=0,10112.
, , . , . 3.2
3.2