, (, ), . (, ), , , . , , , . , , . , .
, (CONDUIT METAPHOR). , :
IDEAS (or MEANINGS) ARE OBJECTS ( ) -
LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS ARE CONTAINERS
COMMUNICATION IS SENDIND
() () ( ) , / /. ( ), , , 70 , . :
The CONDUIT Metaphor :
It's hard to get that idea across to him.
.
I gave you that idea.
.
Your reasons came through to us.
.
It's difficult to put my ideas into words.
(, ).
When you have a good idea, try to capture it immediately in words.
,
(, ).
Try to pack more thought into fewer words.
(. ).
You can't simply stuff ideas into a sentence any old way.
, (.
).
The meaning is right there in the words. .
Don't force your meanings into the wrong words. He .
His words carry little meaning.
(. ).
The introduction has a great deal of thought content.
(, ).
You words seem hollow.
.
The sentence is without meaning. .
The idea is buried in terribly dense paragraphs.
.
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-, , , . , , . - - , , ( ) , - . , , . :
The meaning is right there in the words.
,
. , . , :
Please sit in the apple-juice seat.
. , .
, , apple-juice seat ' ' . , . , , . , , . , apple-juice seat ' '. , , , apple-juice seat.
, , , . :
We need new alternative sources of energy.
.
Mobil Oil Friends of the Earth ( ). , . , , , , .
, , , . , , . , , . , . - , . . , , . . , .
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, , , , . , , (dress them up in fancy clothes), (juggle them), (line them up nice and neat) . . , , , , .