. , , :
1. , .
2. (4.7):
. bi , , y 0, .
3. k, yk .
4. , . . 6.
5. , : bik = bik + xi k, , , ; bir = bir + xi r, , yr ³ yk.
6. . 2.
, .
, , :
1. , , .
2.
(4.8)
, Midij j , i max j i min j . , 0 ( - 0 ) , , yj 0, .
3. () k, yk .
4. , . , . k , . Nk k ( Nk 1).
. (4.9)
5. . 2.
, .
. . , . , . . , , , . , , , .
|
|
, , , , , , . , , . , .
, . , . , , , . .
, , , . , , .
, , . , , , .
.
. p p * n . 1, ( ), 0 .
:
. (4.10)
p p *. p.
p I b = (p 1, p 2), b , .
n. 100, p 1 p 2 :
; (4.11)
, (4.12)
t b , b.
|
|
n ( ) :
, (4.13)
. (4.14)
(. 4.3).
4.3
b | t b | b | t b | b | t b | b | t b |
0,80 | 1,282 | 0,86 | 1,475 | 0,91 | 1,694 | 0,97 | 2,169 |
0,81 | 1,310 | 0,87 | 1,513 | 0,92 | 1,750 | 0,98 | 2,325 |
0,82 | 1,340 | 0,88 | 1,554 | 0,93 | 1,810 | 0,99 | 2,576 |
0,83 | 1,371 | 0,89 | 1,597 | 0,94 | 1,880 | 0,9973 | 3,000 |
0,84 | 1,404 | 0,90 | 1,643 | 0,95 | 1,960 | 0,999 | 3,290 |
0,85 | 1,439 | 0,96 | 2,053 |
:
1. .
2. . , .
3. : .
4. .
5. n , p 1 p 2. p 1 , , , , . 3. , . , 2 . , , , .. . 2.
, . (. 4.4).
4.4
1 | 2 | N | ||
11 | 12 | 1 N | ||
21 | 22 | 2 N | ||
1 | 2 | N |
ij i j. , . . , , .
, . , . , , , .
, N, m () , , .. :
.
i (0;1). , :
1. , , yk . , yk min. .
2. , , , , , . yk .
|
|
:
. (4.15)
. (4.16)
, .
, , . , , , , .
, , .
() , , , , , .. .
4.4.5.
.
, , , .
- , , .
() . ( ) . , . , .
, , ( ..).
. 4.52. , .
. 4.52.
, (. 4.53).
. 4.53.
, .
, I II , , () (). .
|
|
.
. , , , . , .
xi , - , bi .
, bi. , . , xi y bi.
4.4.6. ,
, . 4.54.
. 4.54.
, 1, 2 5, 3, 4 6. . , , . , .
, 1, 2, 3 4 ( ). :
1 1;
2 2;
3 3;
4 4.
:
1 2 , ?
2 4 , ?
3 1 , ?
4 2 , ?
5 ?
1, , 0, .
5 ( = 5) i (4.7). bi - , .
(. 4.55).
.
1 ( , ). (, )
1 = 0; 2 = 1; 3 = 0; 4 = 1; 5 = 1.
y :
1: y 1 = b 11 x 1 + b 21 x 2 + b 31 x 3 + b 41 x 4 + b 51 x 5 = 0;
2: y 2 = b 12 x 1 + b 22 x 2 + b 32 x 3 + b 42 x 4 + b 52 x 5 = 0;
3: y 3 = b 13 x 1 + b 23 x 2 + b 33 x 3 + b 43 x 4 + b 53 x 5 = 0;
4: y 4 = b 14 x 1+ b 24 x 2 + b 34 x 3 + b 44 x 4+ b 54 x 5 = 0.
. 4.55. ,
y , . ( , ). , , . , ( 1), b:
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b 11 = b 11 + x 1 = 0; b 21 = b 21 + x 2 = 1;
b 31 = b 31 + x 3 = 0; b 41 = b 41 + x 4 = 1;
b 51 = b 51 + x 5 = 1.
, , yk , y ( , 2, 3 4), b.
2: b 12 = b 12 x 1 = 0; b 22 = b 22 x 2 = 1; b 32 = b 32 x 3 = 0; b 42 = b 42 x 4 = 1; b 52 = b 52 x 5 = 1.
3: b 13 = b 13 x 1 = 0; b 23 = b 23 x 2 = 1; b 33 = b 33 x 3 = 0; b 43 = b 43 x 4 = 1; b 53 = b 53 x 5 = 1.
4: b 14 = b 14 x 1 = 0; b 24 = b 24 x 2 = 1; b 34 = b 34 x 3 = 0; b 44 = b 44 x 4 = 1; b 54 = b 54 x 5 = 1.
.
.
y . 2. () :
1 = 0; 2 = 1; 3 = 0; 4 = 1; 5 = 0.
1 y 1 = 0 × 0 + 1 × 1 + 0 × 0 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 0 = 2;
2 y 2 = 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + (1) × 0 = 2;
3 y 3 = 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + (1) × 0 = 2;
4 y 4 = 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + 0 × 0 + (1) × 1 + (1) × 0 = 2.
y 1, 2. , .
2: b 12 = b 12 + x 1 = 0 + 0 = 0; b 22 = b 22 + x 2 = (1) + 1 = 0; b 32 = b 32 + x 3 = 0 + 0 = 0; b 42 = b 42 + x 4 = (1) + 1 = 0; b 52 = b 52 + x 5 = (1) + 0 = = 1.
1: b 11 = b 11 x 1 = 0 0 = 0; b 21 = b 21 x 2 = 1 1 = 0; b 31 = = b 31 x 3 = 0 0 = 0; b 41 = b 41 x 4 = 1 1 = 0; b 51 = b 51 x 5 = 1 0 = 1.
3: b 13 = b 13 x 1 = 0 0 = 0; b 23 = b 23 x 2 = (1) 1 = 2; b 33 = b 33 x 3 = 0 0 = 0; b 43 = b 43 x 4 = (1) 1 = 2; b 53 = b 53 x 5 = (1) 0 = = 1.
4: b 14 = b 14 x 1 = 0 0 = 0; b 24 = b 24 x 2 = (1) 1 = 2; b 34 = b 34 x 3 = 0 0 = 0; b 44 = b 44 x 4 = (1) 1 = 2; b 54 = b 54 x 5 = (1) 0 = = 1;
.
. 1. , ,
1 = 0; 2 = 1; 3 = 0; 4 = 1; 5 = 1.
y , b.
1: y 1 = 0 × 0 + 0 × 1 + 0 × 0 + 0 × 1 + 1 × 1 = 1;
2: y 2 = 0 × 0 + 0 × 1 + 0 × 0 + 0 × 1 + (1) × 1 = 1;
3: y 3 = 0 × 0 + (2) × 1 + 0 × 0 + (2) × 1 + (1) × 1 = 5;
4: y 4 = 0 × 0 + (2) × 1 + 0 × 0 + (2) × 1 + (1) × 1 = 5.
y 1 1, . .
0,7 90%- . , 100 . , . 78 100. p * = 0,78. 90%- . (4.11), (4.12) ( n = = 100) p 1 p 2:
p 1 = 0,705; p 2 = 0,840; I b = (0,705; 0,840).
, 0,9 0,705 0,840. 0,7. , .
, . , :
1. : 1 = 1; 2 = = 1; 3 = 5; 4 = 5.
2. min. : 1 = 6; 2 = 4; 3 = 0; 4 = 0.
3. . .
, , .. :
p 1 = 0,6; p 2 = 0,4; p 3 = 0; p 4 = 0.
:
N = {( 1/0,6), ( 2/0,4), ( 3/0), ( 4/0)},
.. 1 0,6; 2 0,4; 3 0; 4 0.