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: / .. 50 .
1.
() .
.
, , (, ).
, , .
.
( ), , .. .
(t) , (0;t) .
(t) N(t), t, N(0):
P(t) = N(t) / N(0). (1.1)
(0, t) :
N(t) = N(0) n(0,t) (1.2)
n(0,t) (0,t) .
,
0 ≤ (t) ≤ 1, P(0) =1, P(∞) = 0.
Q(t) , (0, t) .
Q(t):
Q(t) = n(0,t) / N(0) (1.3)
,
(t) + Q(t) = 1. (1.4)
(t) , , (t, t + ∆t).
(1.5)
a(t) :
, (1.6)
n(t,∆t) , t t + ∆t.
(1.6) ∆t.
, :
, (1.7)
. (1.8)
λ(t) t ∆t , t .
|
|
:
(1.9)
P(t) ≤ 1, λ(t) ≥ a(t).
:
. (1.10)
, (t, t + ∆t) , , , ( ) . , t .
, (1.9) : P(t) ≥ 0,99, a(t) ≈ λ(t). a(t) λ(t).
(1.9), :
. (1.11)