: .
(. 5.2 5.3) , , . , . , .
. , , . .
. 5.2. : 1 ; 2 | . 5.3. : 1 ; 2 |
, . , , .
, . (m 2 = Z 2) 1/2 , .. w 2 = 1/2, m 2 = Z 2 , (. 5.4). ,
(5.15)
. , , , .
. 5.4.
, Z1 Z2 , , . Zl Z2 .
.
, . , . , .
|
|
, , , Z 1 Z2 2 . Z2 Z1 2 . 5.1, Z1 2 .
5.1
2 p | |||
9*, 15* | |||
11*, 12*, 15*, 21*, 22 | 14*, (18), 19*, 22*, 26, 28*, (30), 31, 33, 34, 35 | ||
15*,(16)*, 17*, 19, 32 | 18,20,26,31,33,34,35 | ||
22, 38 | (18), 20, 21, 23, 24, 37, 39, 40 | ||
26, 28, 44, 46 | 25,27,29,43,45,47 | ||
32, 33, 34, 50, 52 | |||
38, 40, 56, 58 | 37,39,41,55,57, 59 | ||
9* | 15* | ||
10*, 14* | 18*, 22* | ||
15*, 16*, 17, (32) | 16, 18, (20), 30, 33, 34, 35,36 | ||
26, 44, 46 | (24), 27, 28, 30, (32), 34, 45, 48 | ||
(34), (50), 52, 54 | (33), 34, (38), (51), 53 | ||
34,38,56,58,62,64 | (36), (38), (39), 40, (44), 57, 59 | ||
50,52,68,70,74 | 48,49,51,56,64,69,71 | ||
62,64,80,82,86 | 61,63,68,76,81,83 | ||
26,46, (48) | 28*, 33,47,49,50 | ||
44, 50, 64, 66, 68 | 42,43,51,65,67 | ||
56,58,62,82,84,86,88 | 57,59,60,61,83,85,87,90 | ||
74, 76, 78, 80, 100, 102, 104 | 75, 77, 79, 101, 103, 105 | ||
(34), 36, 44, 62, 64 | 35,44,61,63,65 | ||
56,58,86,88,90 | 56,57,59,85,87,89 | ||
66, (68), 70, 98, 100, 102, 104 | (68), (69), (71), (97), (99),(101) | ||
78,82,110, 112, 114 | 79,80,81,83,109,111, 113 | ||
44,46,74,76 | 57,69,77,78,79 | ||
68,72,74,76, 104,106, 108,110,112,114 | 70,71,73,87,93,107,109 | ||
86, 88, 92, 94, 96, 98, 102, 104,106, 134, 136, 138,140,142,146 | 99,101, 103,117, 123,137,139 | ||
56,64,80,88 | 69,75,80,89,91, 92 | ||
68, 70, 74, 88, 98, 106, 108, 110 | (71), (73), 86, 87, 93, 94,(107),(109) | ||
86,88,92,100,116,124,128,130,132 | 84,89,91,104, 105, 111,112,125,127 | ||
124, 128, 136, 152, 160, 164,166, 168, 170, 172 | 125,127,141, 147, 161, 163 |
. 5.1:
1. , .
2. , .
Z 2 < Z 1. , , Z 2 . Z 2 > Z 1 , .
(5.7), , ,
|
|
, (5.16)
k CK , ,
(5.17)
; b , .
b = (0,5¸0,8) t Z1.
, ,
(5.18)
J 2 = (2,5 3,5)×106/2, 1015 % , .
, , : J 2 = (4,0 ÷ 8,0)106 /2 ( ).
, .
I 1, I C2, I 3... , , I 12, I 23, . I 34, . 5.5, .
. 5.5. :
;
, b, .. :
(5.19)
az =2 p p/ Z 2. (. 5.5, ), , az, , (5.19) , . (5.5, ). az. , , , , I 12, I 23, I C2.
, , I , I 2, :
(5.20)
(5.21)
(5.20) .
J 1520% , . . -, , , , , . -, , , .
, 2,
(5.22)
(. 5.6, ). , (h b ) , h = (1,1¸1,25) h 2.
. 5.6. :
;
, , . : . , (. 5.6, ).
qK, (5.22) h , :
. (5.23)
, ,
. (5.24)
, , . , 23 , .
|
|
. 5060 (. 5.7, ). , . (. 5.7, ), , .
(.5.7, , ). . , (. 5.7, ), , .
. 5.7.
, . .
, . (. 5.7, ). , .
(. 5.7, ), (. 5.7, ), .
, (. 5.7, ), . (. 5.7, ) , , .
, , (. 5.7, , ), . : , , , .
: (. 5.8, ), , , (. 5.8, ). , , .
. 5.8. :
;
. ( ) , . - .
, .
|
|
(. . 5.7, ). , . , (. 5.8).
, , , . , . , . , , max.
, , , . (. . 5.7, ). (, ) , , , , .
h < 250 (. 5.9). b 12, b 22 h 12 . h < 160 :
b = 1,0 h = 0,5 h < 100 : b = 1,5 b = 0,75 h = 112¸132 .
h = 160¸250 (. 5.9, ) b = 1,5 h == 0,7 . 2 ³ 4 h' = 0,3 , h' = 1,0¸1,5 .
, q c, (5.18), , .. .
. 5.9. :
a ,
BZ 2 (. . 4.4) :
(5.25)
(. 5.9):
; (5.26)
(5.27)
(5.28)
qc:
(5.29)
, h £ 132 1,52 , h ³160 2,5 3 .
b'Z2 b"Z2 :
(5.30)
(5.31)
b'Z2 b''Z2
bZ2 = (b'Z2+b" Z2)/2. , (. ).
hZ 2 = h 2 0,1 b 22. (5.32)
h = 280¸355 : 2 ³ 4 , , 2 = 2 (. 5.10).
) )
. 5.10. :
;
. bZ2i no BZ2max (. . 4.4). , b22 h 2, , q c, BZ2max . h'm= 0,5 . b ³3,5¸4 . :
|
|
(5.33)
(5.34)
(5.35)
(. 5.10, ) h , , 1516 . , qc :
, (5.36)
bZ2H , (. . 8.10); h ' . 2 = 2 h' = 1 ¸ 2.
(5.37)
(5.38)
(5.39)
(5.40)
b 2= 3 ¸ 4 .
(5.40) b 2 <3 , ( ), .
(5.41)
: qCB (5.39)
(5.42)
(5.43)
. :
(5.44)
(5.45)
h¢ = h + h ¢.
:
(5.46)
(5.47)
:
(5.48)
(5.49)
(. 5.11). , bZ2min, BZ2max (. . 4.4).
, (5.50)
S 2 ,
b 2, (5.50), , . D b (. . 4.6). (. 5.2).
5.2
- , | - , | , 2 | - , | - , | , 2 |
. 5.11.
(5.51)
Δ h . 4.6; h , 4 ;
(5.11) (5.13). :