3
:
. . -08-1
. .
:
. .
1.
" " ALAPA ( "As Low As PracticabLe AchievabLe": " , "). , . , . , , . , , , , , .. .
"" () . " ", ALARA ( "As Low As ReasonabLe AchievabLe": " , ", ). , , , , , .
, 70- 80- ., , , "" "" . , , , . , , . , , . . .
, . , .
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, . - , , , - . , , , . , , , .
, , , , . . ( ) 10- . , . 10- . , , . (, ), .
. 2.4. () (), : 1 ; 2, 3, 4, 5 , ,
, 5% .
2.
2.1 1.
1000 . 1000 20 . 1000 25 . 1000 , 1000-2000 .
:
N0= 1000
t1=1000
n(1000)=20
t2=1000
n(1000-2000)=25
: P(1000), P(2000), (1500), λ(1500)
:
P(t):
,
N0 - , n(t) t.
a(t):
,
N0 - , n(∆t) t-∆t/2 t+∆t/2
λ(t):
, ,
N ∆t,
- , ∆t,
- , ∆t.
2.2 2
1000 0,95. . .
2000.
:
:
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1/
:
1/
:
2.3 3
100 , 100 . 1000 . , , .
∆t, | 0-100 | 100-200 | 200-300 | 300-400 | 400-500 |
n | |||||
∆t, | 500-600 | 600-700 | 700-800 | 800-900 | 900-1000 |
n |
:
P(t):
,
N0 - , n(t) t.
a(t):
,
N0 - , n(∆t) t-∆t/2 t+∆t/2
λ(t):
, ,
N ∆t,
- , ∆t,
- , ∆t.
2.4 4
=0,9. t=100 . t.
:
0,9t+90=t
0.1t=90
t=900
2.5 5
1800 . , :
- I (62 ) 40 .. 1200 . 9000 ..
- II (66 ) 52 .. 1600 8000 ..
- III (64 ) 48 .., 1 . 1000. 12000 ..
- IIII (68 ) 60 .. 1008 . 13000 ..
, , N*=α*T. ().
( , ).
:
I:
,
,
αT 10^-6, , ,
=MXY-ZX
; X, Y Z , , , , ..
( )
=/0
0 ;
0=β* , β=10^-3 /
II:
( )
III:
D=6000+1000=7000
( )
[/(*)]
N ; =108 *, , 1000 40 50 .
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IIII:
( )
, I II . , II III , III IIII .
, I II .. , II IIII .
, I II . , II IIII .