, , . . , .
. . , , . , () . :
() , . 0 -1;
, . , 0;
. i : i.
, , m Nmax = Pm -1. ( 0) , s Nmin = P-s. , m, s , Pm+s 0 Pm+s -1.
, 0 1, . , , , .
() ().
( , , ) , , .
. 4.1
. , .
32... 128 1 16 (2 ). ( ).
m- s- P-s Pm - P-s. , , , , . , . .
|
|
N = MPR, (|M|<1), R ( ), . , , , . , , . m- s- ( ) (1- P-m) . .
, ( 4.1).
. .
4.1.
():
2
4
1
8
10 10
(.4.2 ) . . , + , - .
(. 4.2) . , . .
0 256 , .
. 4.2 () ()
1. -193(10) = -11000001(2) .
:
. . () 64. (=+64.). (0000000 ) -64, (1111111 ) 127, +63.
: -193(10) = -11000001(2) = -0.11000001*28. = -0.11000001, =1000(2).
=1000000(2)+ 1000(2) = 1001000(2).
- - 4- . - . 4 , (1100 + 1101 -). - . , ( ) . , . () . - .
|
|
- .
4 (), (1100 "+" 1101 "-").
- :
... |
: .
- .
, () ( ) 0011 ( ASCII-), () . () () .
:
- , - .
3. -193(10) = -000110010011 (2-) :