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Ethernet.




Ethernet 0,5 . Ethernet, . CSMA/CD Ethernet 10/.

Ethernet .

- 10Base-5 0,5 , . 500 ( )

- 10Base-2 0,25 , . 185 ( )

- 10Base-T (Unshielded Twisted Pair, UTP). .
100 .

- 10Base-F - . 10Base-T. FOIRL ( 1000 ),10Base-FL ( 2000 ),10Base-FB ( 2000 ).

Ethernet 1.

 

1. Ethernet

  10Base-5 10Base-2 10Base-T 10Base-F
RG-8 RG-11 RG-58 3,4,5 -
,        
( ),       2500 ( 10Base-FB 2750 )
       
      4 (5 10Base-FB)

Fast Ethernet.

10- Ethernet 15 . 1996 . , , , ( ). Pentium4, Celeron AthlonXP, 10- Ethernet' , , , .

, . :

-

-

- ,

, , .

Fast Ethernet Ethernet. :

- 100 /c;

- Ethernet;

- - .

10Base-T - Ethernet - , : Fast Ethernet . 100Base-T (802.3u) ( OSI) :

- 100Base-TX UTP 5, STP Type 1;

- 100Base-T4 UTP 3, 4 5;

- 100Base-FX .

 

Ethernet / (4 - 20 /) . Fast Ethernet, 100 /c. , Fast Ethernet , Ethernet - 30-40%, CSMA/CD, - , .

Gigabit Ethernet.

Fast Ethernet . , 100- , , 100 / - FDDI Fast Ethernet. . 1995 , ( LAN Emulation - LANE 1995 , ) . , . Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet 1000 /.

, , , Gigabit Ethernet, , :

;

.

, .

20 000 100 100 /, . 1000 / Gigabit Ethernet , .

, , .

Gigabit Ethernet , , . , , , , .

Gigabit Ethernet - , , Spanning Tree, . . , , .

Token Ring

Token Ring , Ethernet. . Token Ring , - , - . , , . , .

. , . , 3 . 7 ,

, . , , , Token-Ring 8228 IBM. , .

, .

Token-Ring 16 , , Ethernet. , .

, -. ( ) ( ). , ARC net, Token Ring, FDDI. (, , ) : , . Token Ring FDDI . . , , .

11.

11 . , 6 , 1 3. 3 - ( ). 1 .

.

 

FDDI, Ethernet (Fast Ethernet) ken ring.

Token Ring Ethernet
16/ 10/100 /
/ /
CSMA/CD
, , ,
( ) 1000 2500
100 2500

VPN

VPN, Virtual Private Network, - , , , . VPN - , , , . VPN , .

VPN-.

VPN -, . , . - , , peers. peer , , .

VPN- , peer . , , VPN- . peer . , , 1.

VPN
2 ( 2)
1 ( 1)
3 ( 3)

1. VPN- .

 

VPN- VPN-, - (encryption domain). . -, , . -, , , ( - -). , , ( ).

, . , . VPN-. , . VPN, .

2. .

 

A VPN- A, B - VPN- B, . A B, VPN A VPN-. VPN B B. , VPN-, . , IP, IP-. IP- VPN-, . - - .

 

, VPN :

Ø , , .

Ø , , .

Ø , ; , .

Ø , , / .

.

.

- , . , , . , ( ) , .

OSI, MAC-. .

( ). () () OSI. , Layer 2 Switch , L2. Web-, SNMP, RMON (, Cisco) .. : VLAN, QoS, , . , (, 4 24 96 ).

 

.

12.

 

́ - , , ( 3 OSI) ( 12). , .

, , , . , .

, , , , , . , ,/ ..

, , . , , Ethernet WAN-, xDSL, PPP, ATM, Frame relay . . , .

 

.

13.

"". " ", ( 13). (Ethernet, Token Ring, Arcnet .). .

.

 

.

14.

, Ethernet ( 14). , .

OSI, . , . , . , Ethernet .

, , OSI , .

 

.

15.

. . OSI . , , ( 15).

Ethernet "", . (repeater), . , (concentrator). , , , .

10baseT ( ) (), - (), , . , .

 

.

16.

Ethernet , , 10Base2 10Base-T. ( 16).

.

17.

( , , Ethernet-) , ( 17).

: . , . .

, . . .

, , , . SMS EtherPower Intel i960.

 

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