Ethernet 0,5 . Ethernet, . CSMA/CD Ethernet 10/.
Ethernet .
- 10Base-5 0,5 , . 500 ( )
- 10Base-2 0,25 , . 185 ( )
- 10Base-T (Unshielded Twisted Pair, UTP). .
100 .
- 10Base-F - . 10Base-T. FOIRL ( 1000 ),10Base-FL ( 2000 ),10Base-FB ( 2000 ).
Ethernet 1.
1. Ethernet
10Base-5 | 10Base-2 | 10Base-T | 10Base-F | |
RG-8 RG-11 | RG-58 | 3,4,5 | - | |
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( ), | 2500 ( 10Base-FB 2750 ) | |||
4 (5 10Base-FB) |
Fast Ethernet.
10- Ethernet 15 . 1996 . , , , ( ). Pentium4, Celeron AthlonXP, 10- Ethernet' , , , .
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Fast Ethernet Ethernet. :
- 100 /c;
- Ethernet;
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10Base-T - Ethernet - , : Fast Ethernet . 100Base-T (802.3u) ( OSI) :
- 100Base-TX UTP 5, STP Type 1;
- 100Base-T4 UTP 3, 4 5;
- 100Base-FX .
Ethernet / (4 - 20 /) . Fast Ethernet, 100 /c. , Fast Ethernet , Ethernet - 30-40%, CSMA/CD, - , .
Gigabit Ethernet.
Fast Ethernet . , 100- , , 100 / - FDDI Fast Ethernet. . 1995 , ( LAN Emulation - LANE 1995 , ) . , . Gigabit Ethernet Ethernet 1000 /.
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20 000 100 100 /, . 1000 / Gigabit Ethernet , .
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Gigabit Ethernet , , . , , , , .
Gigabit Ethernet - , , Spanning Tree, . . , , .
Token Ring
Token Ring , Ethernet. . Token Ring , - , - . , , . , .
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Token-Ring 16 , , Ethernet. , .
, -. ( ) ( ). , ARC net, Token Ring, FDDI. (, , ) : , . Token Ring FDDI . . , , .
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11.
11 . , 6 , 1 3. 3 - ( ). 1 .
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FDDI, Ethernet (Fast Ethernet) ken ring.
Token Ring | Ethernet | |
16/ | 10/100 / | |
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CSMA/CD | ||
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( ) | 1000 | 2500 |
100 | 2500 |
VPN
VPN, Virtual Private Network, - , , , . VPN - , , , . VPN , .
VPN-.
VPN -, . , . - , , peers. peer , , .
VPN- , peer . , , VPN- . peer . , , 1.
VPN |
2 ( 2) |
1 ( 1) |
3 ( 3) |
1. VPN- .
VPN- VPN-, - (encryption domain). . -, , . -, , , ( - -). , , ( ).
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2. .
A VPN- A, B - VPN- B, . A B, VPN A VPN-. VPN B B. , VPN-, . , IP, IP-. IP- VPN-, . - - .
, VPN :
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OSI, MAC-. .
( ). () () OSI. , Layer 2 Switch , L2. Web-, SNMP, RMON (, Cisco) .. : VLAN, QoS, , . , (, 4 24 96 ).
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12.
́ - , , ( 3 OSI) ( 12). , .
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, , . , , Ethernet WAN-, xDSL, PPP, ATM, Frame relay . . , .
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13.
"". " ", ( 13). (Ethernet, Token Ring, Arcnet .). .
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14.
, Ethernet ( 14). , .
OSI, . , . , . , Ethernet .
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15.
. . OSI . , , ( 15).
Ethernet "", . (repeater), . , (concentrator). , , , .
10baseT ( ) (), - (), , . , .
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16.
Ethernet , , 10Base2 10Base-T. ( 16).
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17.
( , , Ethernet-) , ( 17).
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