Linux (Ubuntu).
shell ......3
Linux..3
腅3
, ().3
.6
Linux6
KDE .. 7
GNOME .. 8
1. 9
.. 9
.. 9
腅.... 9
Windows. MASM..12
.. 12
......13
2. 14
14
腅.14
3 18
18
....18 腅..19
 |
Linux (Ubuntu). shell .
Linux
Linux Unix , .
Linux . , , (PID Process IDentificator). , , ps. , , :
PID TTY TIME CMD
701 pts/0 1: 16: 00 bash
2403 pts/0 0: 18: 00 bs
TTY .
Ҳ , .
CMD , .
, , init. PID=1. ³ . ' . , bash, init, , , . Unix Linux , . .
:
- stdin ,
- stdout ,
- stderr .
: . . ³ , , , , ' . , .
|
|
|
. , . -, PID, , %. -, , . -, , .
, Linux. , bash jobs . :
jobs <>,
<> ().
jobs l
2. , ()
() (), . . , 䳺 , ( , ). , , , . . - . , . . , . :
;
- , ;
.
. ³ - , . ϳ , , , . - , .
, - . , , (, <CTRL><C>), . , , , . , , <CTRL><C> . . .
1. Linux
. :
|
|
|
(, , );
() ;
;
;
.
, , , , . (: , ..). , - .
Linux, Windows, . . , .
- -볺 . -볺 . , .
2. KDE
KDE (K Desktop Environment ). Trolltech.
KDE ᒺ- . KDE ᒺ, 䳿.
KDE . , , . (Control Center), Microsoft Windows.
ᒺ Qt, , , . , KDE . . , , , . , . , .
KDE . KDE, .
, KDE. KDE Qt, ++, .
, - , KDE.
KDE , . , KDE: kdm, kwin, Konqueror. , Linux Konqueror, .
|
|
|
3. GNOME
GNOME , KDE. GNOME , Trolltech KDE. , , 糿 GPL ( ). : GNOME - GNU Network Obect Model Environment (GNU GNUs Not Unix). - . 2000 GNOME Foundation.
GNOME , , . , , , . , GNOME, .
GNOME KDE, Open Source.
KDE Microsoft Windows, GNOME , Enlightenment, ( sawfish). GNOME gdm, , - Nautilus.
KDE GNOME , . , KDE, GNOME , .
KDE, GNOME :
- ;
- ;
- ;
- 㳿 drag-and-drop , , ;
- .
,
switchdesk,
X Window. ϳ , /etc/sysconfig/desktop. .
1.
shell , , shell, (, ), :
, . (.. ) , , , , , , .
:
#!/bin/bash
# ,
gdialog --title "Yaroslava" --msgbox "Kozub" 9 18
# isalpha(c) -> true/false
isalpha()
{
echo "$1" | grep -q "^[[:alpha:]]$"
return $?
}
# ,
# isdigit(c) -> true/false
|
|
|
isdigit()
{
echo "$1" | grep -q "^[[:digit:]]$"
return $?
}
# ,
# count_words(text, c)
#flag globolnoy podstanovki "g"
count_words()
{
echo "$1" | sed -r "s/ +/\n/g; /^\n$/d" \
| grep "^$2.*" \
| wc -l
}
# ,
# search_word(text, n)
search_word()
{
echo "$1" | sed -r "s/ +/\n/g; /^\n$/d" \
| sed -n "$2{p;q}"
}
#
gdialog --inputbox "Vvedit text" 10 60 2> ptext.txt
text=$(cat ptext.txt)
fchar="${text:0:1}"
if isalpha "$fchar"; then
# - ,
#
#echo "letter"
count_words "$text" "$fchar"
elif isdigit "$fchar"; then
# - ,
#
#echo "digit"
search_word "$text" "$fchar"
else
echo "unknown"
exit 1
fi
exit 0
