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() RSA
RSA . RSA . , RSA , .
. 1.
. 1. RSA
1) d ( )
- q
- n = *q
- : φ() = (p-1)(q-1)
- d : 1 < d ≤ φ(), (d, φ( n) ) =1
- e: < n, e * d ≡ 1 (mod φ(n))
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2)
- - : = h (M)
- - m d S = md (mod ) M
3) -
- S e - m'=Se (mod )
- - M
= h ()
- - ' = S .
:
4) - : m = h(M).
M 312. RSA = 3, q = 11, =p*q = 3*11 = 33, d =7 = 3. 0 6 ( ). - M=312 :
1 = (M1 + H0)2 (mod ) = (3 + 6)2 (mod 33) = 81 (mod 33) = 15;
H2 = (2 + H1)2 (mod ) =(1 + 15)2 (mod 33) = 256 (mod 33) = 25;
3 = (3 + H2)2 (mod ) = (2 + 25) 2 (mod 33) = 729 (mod 33) = 3; = 3
- m d S = md (mod n) M: S = 37 (mod 33) =2187 (mod 33) = 9
S (.. - ') .
m'= Se (mod ) = 93 (mod 33) =729 (mod 33) = 3
- ' , .. = m' .
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1) x ( )
- q, q<p
- , <
- :
= qx (mod )
2)
- - M: =h(M)
- k, 0<k< -1 (k, -1) = 1
- : = qk (mod )
- b :
m = ( + kb) (mod (-1))
- S = (, b) M .
3) - ( )
- - M
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'=h(M)
- , < , m = m'
a ab (mod ) = qm (mod )
4) ( ):
- q (q <), =11, q= 2 = 8;
-
= qx (mod ) = 28(mod 11) = 3;
- - , (312) = h (M), = 3( M RSA).
- k, -1. k= 9, (9, 10) = 1.
- b
= qk (mod ) = 29 (mod 11) =6.
b :
m = ( + kb) (mod (-1)); 3= (8*6 + 9*b) (mod 10)) -9*b = -45(mod 10)
b =5.
= 6, b = 5.
S = (,b) M . - m' M. - h().
= 3,
a ab (mod ) = qm (mod )
36*65 (mod 11) = 23(mod 11)
5668704(mod 11) = 8 (mod 11) 8(mod 11) = 8(mod 11),
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2.
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1) RSA -.
2) RSA -. .
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