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FAQ

1.

- . : , , . :

  • ().
  • ().
  • ().
  • ().

, :

  • , ( );
  • ();
  • , ().

, : , , , , , .

, , , . , .

:

  • Turbo.exe ;
  • Turbo.hlp , ;
  • Turbo.tp ;
  • Turbo.tpl .

Graph.tru , *.BGI , *.CHR, .

: ( ) , , . F10.

, : , RunRun.

, : , FileSave(Saveas), Enter.

: , FileExit.

, , . . ( , , , ).

:

  • : A,B,CY,Z,a,b,c,y,z;
  • : 0, 1, 2,9;
  • : + - * / > < =; # ,.: {} [] ()
  • , , : :=, .., <>, <=, >=, {}.
  • , . , . : , .

( .1) . .

(identification ). , .. , Sqr,Sqrt .. Sqr , , Sqrt . , , . , . :

  • ( ).
  • , .
  • 127 .
  • .
  • .

Absolute Library
And Mod
Array Not
Begin Or
Case Of
Const Object
Div Procedure
Go to Program
Do Repeat
Downto String
Else Then
End To
File Type
For Until
Function Uses
If Var
Interrupt While
Interface With
Label Xor

1

, , . , , . , , . , , . , , .

1.

- , . . . ().

, , , . , , . , (.1.2.) .

, ( . , , [1]).

1.

, . , :

  • ;
  • ;
  • ( . , 64 . ).

:

  • , program . , .
  • , 2 :

1. , , . :

( uses);

;

;

;

;

;

( 1), , . (. 1.2.).

.

2. .

Begin End. , . , , . End .

:

  • program,procedure,function .. ;
  • ;
  • ;
  • 1 1- 2 .

1.

, , , .. , , . , . . : () (). . , .

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1.

2.

3.

, . (, [1]). , 4 5.

1.

 

()
Byte Shorint Integer Word Longint 0255 -128 127 -32768 32767 0 65535 -2147483648 2147483647  

2 : . , $, 9 AF. $0000 $FFFF.

1.

() , : .

()
Real Single Double Extended Comp 2.9*10E-39 1.7*10E38 1.5*10-45 3.4*1038 5.0*10-324 1.7*10308 1.9*10-4951 1.1*104932 -2+63+1 2+63-1 11 12 7 8 15 16 19 20 10 20  

. , Real, Intel8087/80287.

, . , . + -. , .

: mE+p, m ( ), 10 , ( ).

, 5.18+2 = 5.18 * 102 = 518

10-03 = 10 * 10 3= 0.01

1.

() char . 0 255. ASCII. 'A' 192

1 .

1.

() boolean : true () false (). . - 1 .

1.

, , , . . . , , . .

+ , ,
- , ,
* , ,
/ ,
DIV
MOD
+ , ,
- , ,

 

, . , , : .

= =
     
<> <>B
> A>B
< A<B
>= A>=B
<= A<=B

 

Abs(x) , ,
Arctan(x) ,
Cos(x) ,
Exp(x) , -
Frac(x) ,
Int(x) ,
Ln(x) ,
Random   [0,1]
Random(x) [0,]
Round(x)
Sin(x) ,
Sqr(x) ,
Sqrt(x) ,
Trunc(x) ,

 

TrueFalse. , , . :boolean.

4 : -NOT, -AND, -OR, -XOR. :Ttrue,Ffalse.

A B Not A A and B A or B A xor B
T T F T T F
T F F F T T
F F T F F F
F T T F T T

: not,and,or,xor. (=, <> ) , , .

. , , (x,y) , . 2 : x£0;y³-x-3 y2+x2£9, -x³0 x2+y2£25.

: 2 . 1: x<=0; x2+y2<=9; y>= - x-3.

2: x>=0; x2+y2<=25.

(x,y) , 1 2 .

Program point;

Var x, y:real; L:boolean;

Begin

Writeln( y);

Readln(x,y);

L:= (x<=0) and (sqr(x)+sqr(y)<=9) and (y>=-x-3) or

(x>=0) and (sqr(x)+sqr(y)<=25);

writeln( ?,L);

end.

:

x y

2 0 { 2 0}

?TRUE

 

( ):

  • ;
  • , not;
  • , , div,mod,and;
  • , , or,xor;

1.

. . - , ( , , ). : Read,Readln,Write,Writeln.

1.

Read . :Read(< >);

. . Read Enter. . , .

Readln Read, , .

:

Program primer;

Var i, k:integer; c,d, s: real;

begin

readln (c,d);

read(i,k);

end.

. , , d , . ( ln Read). , ik.

1.

Write .

: Write(< >);

(integer,real,char ..) , .

, Write(); Write(34.7); Write(45+55); Write(b, d);

Writeln Write. , .

WriteWriteln , .

:

I,p,q ;

R- ;

# - ;

* - + -;

_ - .

 

I
  Write(I);  
  Write (I, I, I);  
  Write (I: 6); ___324
  Write (I + I: 7); ____624
     
R
123.432 Write(R); __1.2343200000E+02
-1.34E+01 Write (R); _ -1.3400000000E+01
304.55 Write (R:15); 3.045500000E+02
R
304.66 Write(R:8: 4); 304.6600
45.322 Write (R: 5: 2); 45.32

:

Program primer;

Var

a, b, c, sum:integer;

begin

a:=4; b:=6; c:=55;

Write(a:3); Write(b:3); Write(c:3);

Sum:=a+b+c;

Writeln (A=,a);

Writeln (B=,b);

Writeln (C=,c);

Writeln ( A+B+C , sum);

End.

:

4 6 55

=4

=6

=55

++ 65

2.

, , . . . , , . , , , . , . : , .

2.

, , . . . , , . , , , . , . : , .

2.

, . , , . , , (begin), .

, ClrScr; { }. 3.

2.

(goto) , , - , , . :goto<>.

. , 127 . Label, .

.

Program primer;

Label 999, metka;

Begin

.

Go to 999;

999: write ( );

Go to metka;

.

Metka: write();

end.

, , . :

  • () ;
  • ( ).

2.

. , , . end , :

Label m;

begin

go to m;

m:

end;

2.

, . : , . , - , . ( :)

2.

, , beginend. , .

2.

, ( ). . If. , .

:

If<>then<1>

else<2>;

If<>then<>;

. , . () . , 1, then. , 2. , 1 2 , beginend.

, else .

1. , (³7).

Program sh;

Var v: integer;

Begin

Write( );

Readln(v);

If v>=7 then writeln( )

else writeln ( );

end.

. , 16 .

:

Program sh;

Var v: integer;

Begin

Write( );

Readln(v);

If (v>=7) and (v<=16) then writeln( )

else writeln ( );

end.

2. . , - .

Program sh;

Var x, y,s,p: integer;

Begin

Write( 2 );

Readln(x, y);

S:=x+y; p:=x*y;

If x>=y

then begin y:=s; x:=p; end

else begin x:=s; y:=p; end;

writeln(x=, x);

writeln(y=, y);

end.

 

If , , . Case. , .

 

: Case k of

<const1>: <1>;

<const2>: <2>;

..

<constN>: <N>

else<N+1>

end;

k -, (, , ). <const1>, <constN> - , .

Case . -, , . , , else. , , Case, .. end.

Case :

1. - (, , ).

2. , , , .

3. .

:

:

Case I of

1..10: writeln( 1-10);

11.. 20: writeln( 11-20);

elsewriteln( )

end;

:

Case I of

1: y:= I+10;

2: y:= I+20;

3: y:= I +30;

end;

1. , .

Program days;

Var day:byte;

Begin

Write( );

Readln(day);

Case day of

1: writeln();

2: writeln();

3: writeln();

4: writeln();

5: writeln();

6: writeln();

7: writeln()

elsewriteln( );

end; end.

2. , .

Program m;

Var k:byte;

Begin

Write( );

Readln(k);

Case k of

1, 2, 12: writeln();

3, 4, 5: writeln();

6, 7, 8: writeln();

9, 10, 11: writeln()

elsewriteln( );

end;end.

2.

()

, (). : (while), (repeat) (for).

, , .

:

1) for< >:= < >to< >do

< >

2) for< >:= < >downto< >do

< >

, ; < > - . . 1, - 1.

for , . .

1. <= .

2. , ( ), , , .

3. ( 1 1).

, beginend;

1. 15 30 1. :F=C*1.8+32.

Program zf;

Var i:integer; f:real;

Begin

Writeln();

For i:=15 to 30 do

Begin

F:=i*1.8+32;

Writeln( ,i, ,f:5:2);

End;

End.

2. 1 9 .

Program z;

Var i:integer;

Begin

For i:=9 downto 1 do

Writeln(i);

End.

, ( ), while repeat. While . .

: While< >do

< >;

. , beginend.

. , . , while.

. 10 .

Program z;

Const

N=10;

Var k, x, s: integer;

Begin

k:=0;s:=0; {k- }

while k < n do

begin

k:=k+1;

write( );

readln(x);

s:=s+x;

end;

writeln( , s);

end.

 

repeat while, , -, , . -, , true. , , , until, . repeat , .

: Repeat

<>

.....

<>

until< >

, . . , .. False, . , . , , , .

. , . 999, .

Program s;

Var x, s:integer;

Begin

S:=0;

Repeat

Write( );

Readln(x);

If x<>999 then s:=s+x;

Untilx=999;

Writeln( ,s);

End.

3.

6.0. 8 : System,Crt,Dos,Graph,Graph3,Overlay,Printer,Turbo3 TurboVision. System , ( 1.3.). uses . :usesCrt.

.

System- . , , .

Crt- .

Dos- , Dos.

Graph3 - .

Overlay- .

Printer- .

Turbo3 - 3.0.

Graph- .

TurboVision- - .

Crt . , , .. . .

TextMode(Mode:integer);

Mode 1 (40 / 25) 3(80 / 25).

ClrScr ;

ClrEol , ;

GotoXY(x,y) , x,y.

TextColor(Color:byte) - ;

TextBackGround(Color) .

, Blink(16).

. .

Program primer;

Uses crt;

Begin

TextMode(3);

Clrscr;

Gotoxy(36,12);

Textcolor(5+16);

Write();

End.

3.

- , ( ). () . procedure, , , . , , . , .

, , , , , .

, , , .

:

Procedure<> ( , );

Const;ù

ý

Var.;û

begin

<>

end;

1. , .

Program names;

Uses crt;

Procedure name(x, y, c: byte,);

Begin

Gotoxy (x, y);

Textcolor(c); {textcolor (c+16);}

Write();

end;

begin

Clrscr; { }

name (2,2, 14);

name (2, 22, 8);

name (75,2, 3);

name (75, 22, 5);

End.

2. , .

Program max;

Uses crt;

Var a, b, c, d, m, p, q:real;

Procedure Bd(x,y:real, var z: real);

Begin

If x>y then z:=x

else z:=y;

end;

begin

Clrscr; { }

Write( );

Readln(a,b,c,d);

Bd (a, b, p);

Bd (c, d, q);

Bd (p, q, m);

Writeln( ,m:8:3);

End.

3.

- , , ( ). , , . Function, , ( ) . , . :

Function<> (<>): < >;

Const;ù

ý

Var .; û

begin

<>

end;

, , . . .

1. :F(t) F(c), F(x)=Öx+2x2+3x

Program m;

Uses crt;

Var t, c, r: real;

Function F(x: real): real;

Begin

F:= sqrt(x)+ 2*sqr(x) + 3*x;

End;

Begin

Clrscr;

Write( );

Readln (t, c);

r:= F(t) F(c);

write( =, r:8:3); {8 , 3 , .1.4.2}

end.

2. , .

Program max;

Uses crt;

Var a, b, c, d, m, p, q:real;

Function Bid(x, y: real): real;

Begin

If x>y then bid:=x

else bid:=y;

End;

Begin

Clrscr;

Write( );

Readln (a, b, c, d);

p:=bid(a, b);

q:= bid(c, d);

m:=bid(p, q);

write( , m:8:3);

end.

4.

, , : . , , . , . : () ( 5).

-, .

, , , , .

, , () , .

, , . , , , (), . . : < >[<>].

, . :

Type< >=array[< >] of < >;

, , . :

Var < >: array [< >] of < >;

.

() , , .. , .. .

( ) , . for. : , , .

, . , , , ..

:

()

1. (10), . , k.

Program massiv;

Uses crt;

Var b:array [1..10] of integer;

I, k, s: integer;

Begin

Clrscr; S:=0;

For i:=1 to 10 do

Begin

Write(,i, - );

Readln (B[i]);

Write(b[i], );

End;

Write( k);

Readln(k);

For i:=1 to 10 do

If b[i]>k then s:=s+1;

Write( ,s);

End.

2. .

Program massiv;

Uses crt;

Var t:array [1..31] of integer;

I, max, n: integer;

Begin

Clrscr;

For i:=1 to 31 do

Begin

t[i]:=random(20);

Write(b[i], );

End;

Max:=t[1]; n:=1;

For i:=2 to 31 do

Begin

If t[i] > max then max:=t[i]; n:=i;

End;

Write( ,max, ,n, );

End.

4.

, . , . , . :

Var a: array [1..10] of array [1.. 20] of real;

Var a: array [1..10, 1..20] of real;

. ( , ). . for.

, For i:= 1 to 10 do

For j:= 1 to 20 do

A[i, j]:= 0;

() :

, ,

, ,

.

 

1. ( ) .

Program Pifagor;

Uses crt;

Var p: array[1..9, 1..9] of integer; i, j:integer;

Begin

Clrscr;

for i:=1 to 9 do

for j:= 1 to 9 do

p[i,j]:= i*j;

for i:=1 to 9 do

begin

for j:=1 to 9 do

write(p[i,j], );

writeln

end;

end.

2. (10, 10),

[-10,10]. , k.

Program massiv;

Uses crt;

Var b: array[1..10, 1..10] of integer; i, j, k:integer;

Begin

Clrscr;

for i:=1 to 10 do

begin

for j:= 1 to 10 do

begin

b [i,j]:= random(20)-10;

write(b[i,j], );

end;

writeln;

end;

write( k);

readln (k);

For i:=1 to 10 do

For j:=1 to 10 do

If b[i, j] >k then write (b[i, j]);

End.

 

<== | ==>
: |
:

: 2016-11-12; !; : 5395 |

:

:

, .
==> ...

1848 - | 1663 -


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