.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





2

, , , , .

. , . : , , - . , , : , . , , , , . , . , , , , .

. , , . , , , , . , . , . , , . , , , , , , .

, . , . , , u x t, y z. u (x, t).

? , , . , u (x, t). , ό , , , . , . , , , , . , , . , . , .

, , , , , . , , . , ρ, x y. , , .

 

. .

 

1. , , :

1. , .

2. .

3. .

(2). , . 0 ρ 0. = f (ρ), 0 = f (ρ 0). . (1 = 105 /2). 1 (1 = 1,0133 ). , , , . I :

(3.1)

,

. = 103 = 2 10-7 60 . , , , 1 . . , , ; 1 . , . 100 . 120 .

= 0 + , ρ = ρ 0 + ρ (3.2)

, 0, ρ ρ 0.

0 + = f (ρ 0 + ρ ) = f (ρ 0) + ρ f ' (ρ 0), (3.3)

0 = f (ρ 0) f ' (ρ 0) f (ρ 0), ρ = ρ 0. , ρ . , , ρ ; κ:

= κρ , κ = f ' (ρ 0) = . (3.4)

(2).

(1). , , , x, t u (x, t), x + u (x, t), . 3.1.

u (x, t)
u (x+ Δ x, t)
x
x+ Δ x
x + u (x, t)
(x+ Δ x) + u (x+ Δ x, t) + χ(x, t),
. 3.1. x u (x, t), x+ Δ x u (x+ Δ x, t) , , Δ x, Δ x + u (x+ Δ x, t) u (x, t)  

 


, x+ Δ x, x+ Δ x + u (x+ Δ x, t). . , , x, .. . , Δ x, ρ 0Δ x, ρ 0 , , . , , x + u (x, t) x+ Δ x + u (x+ Δ x, t), , Δ x . ρ ,

ρ 0Δ x = ρ [ x + Δ x + u (x+ Δ x, t) x u (x, t)] (3.5)

Δ x , u (x+ Δ x, t) u (x, t) = (du / dx) Δ x. , u x, .

(3.6)

(3.7)

, ρ , u du / dx . , ,

(3.8)

(du / dx) (du / dx). , (1):

. (3.9)

. x, . : u x, , .

, . , . Δ x , x, ρ 0Δ x, d 2 u / dt 2, , , ρ 0Δ x (d 2 u / dt 2). ( Δ x , , - ). , , x, ρ 0Δ x (d 2 u / dt 2). x P (x, t), + x, x+ Δ x , P (x+ Δ x, t) (. 3.2):

(3.10)

 

Δ x
P (x, t)
P (x+ Δ x,t)
x
. 3.2. , x, , x, (dP / dxx

 

 


, Δ x x. , (3)

(3.11)

, , x. (3.11) (3.4):

, (3.12)

ρ (3.9). ρ 0

(3.13)

(3.14)

, .

 

2.

, . , t , , 0 ( ).

u t :

,

.

u x :

,

.

ω 2 k 2 ( ω 2 k 2 ). :

.

,

 

k = 2π/ λ, ω = 2π ν = 2π / λ,

 

:

(3.15)

, (3.14), , 0 . (2.9) (. 1). , 0 . : - ( u) t x , (3.15), .

 





:


: 2016-11-12; !; : 739 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1737 - | 1610 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.036 .