- . - . , . 4 : +, . - . (NH4Cl+H2O=NH3*H2O+HCl), +, ... -(CH3COONa+H2O=CH3COOH+NaOH), + , . - . (4CN+H2O=NH3*H2O+HCN), + , . - .
- - - -. - t=const, .
, .
30. . ,
, - . : 1) A-/HA: CH3COOH+CH3COONa (. pH 3,8-5,8) CH3COOH/CH3COO- (. - . .); H2CO3+NaHCO3 (5,4-4,7) H2CO3/HCO3-; 4OH+NH4Cl (8,2-10,2), KH2PO4+K2HPO4 (6,2-8,2), .
- -:
, . - - . - = n(H+)/v - *dpH; n(H+) = C(H -)*v(-);; = = n(OH-)/v - *dpH; n(H+) = C(H )*v(). . .
31. .
. : (HHb/Hb+), , (H2PO4/HPO4^2-), .
pH : pH 7,0 () <- 7,4 -> 7,8 ().
.. , - . -, , . - CO2, 100 CO2=40 .., . .
32. : , .
. . ( . ) ( . .). -, . - . -. -. . -, . . = - -, - -. - - -, - - .
- = , -