. - . , . , , . , .. - . : , , , (, , - ), , , .
- - "" (legal capacity). (passive capacity) (active capacity), . , . 1929 1976 . , . , , , , .
- 18 - . . , 16-, . , . , . - , . , .
- . : . , - , , . . .
( , ) , ( , ). , . 1985 . , . . , , .
|
|
, . , , , ,
, . , . , .
, , (, ). .
- , , , .
, . , , .
, - .
.
- .
. , , , . 2006 . " ", 2007 . ( 400 ), , , , . , .
. , (corporations sole), , , , , . " "*(106) , , , . 20 .
|
|
, , . , , . , , (partner) , . , , , (S-corporations), , .
. " ". "", "", " ".
- . , , , . . 516 " ". , (, ), (, ), , , (, ). .
"", " " . " " " ". (.. ) , , , .
" ", . . , " ", , , . , .
544 , , , . ( ) , , . , , , . , , .
- " "*(107). "".
, , . - .
(ownership, 'general property') (possession, 'special property'), (tangible things) - .
|
|
(personal property) (real property) , . , , . - (chattels real) (chattels personal). Chattels real . personal property, " " (intangible rights), , , . real property personal property (ownership) .
. , . , , . , .
(trust), . (settlor) (trustee) , (beneficiary). , Underhill: " , , ( trustee) (trust property) ( beneficiaries), , , , (Attorney-General), , , "*(108).
, , . , (legal title) , (equitable title) . trustees .
, , , . , .
. , . , . () , () - (). .
|
|
, . , . 1370 , ( ), (, , ), (- ), (, , ).
. , . 1101 : , .. , , , ; , .. ; .
. , , , , . , , , .
- , , .
, , .
, , . (promise) , , (consideration).
, .
(conveyance) (contract), (, ), . conveyance , .
. (contract by deed, specialty) (contract, parol contract). , "", , . , . , , 12 .
, , , , .
, , , , . , , , . , , 1994 ., .
|
|
:
1) , ;
2) . (strict liability), , , , ;
3) ;
4) - .
, (malicious prosecution), , , , (defence of privilege).
, . .
: (assault), (battery), , , , (invasion of privacy), (disparagement), , (interference with contract), () (conversion), (nuisance), (defamation), (fraud, misrepresentation).
. , - , , , . , - , , , .
, . , " ", - (, , .. , "").
- : , , - , , . " ", , ( , ). (, , , , - ).
, , . , , , , (goodwill) , , , , , , , -.
. (copyright) ( "copyright" - ). , 1988 ., , " , : ) , , ; ) , ; ) ". (moral rights) , .
, .
20 .
(personal property). " " 1938 ., . ", , , , , , , , , ". 1994 . : " , . , , ( ), , , ". , . . , " " (. " " 1994 .). .
, , .
, (passing off), , , passing off . Passing off , . , , . . passing off , , ( ).
- , .
. , , .
, - (). .
, , , , executor, - administrator. - , . , , , , .
, . legacy (personal property).
.
, , .
, . .
- , . : , , , , . , .
. , , , , . , .