:
c=5.48*10-8 -1*-1
( .. )
K=[H+][OH-]/[H20]=1.86*10-18 t=220
- , , .
K[H2O]=[H+][OH-]=K .
, - - .
[H2O]=1000/18.016=55.56 /
=[H+][OH-]=1.8*10-16*55.56=10-14 t=220
- - , - ,. .
=*10-14
t0C | a | KB |
0.13 | 0.13*10-14 | |
1.0 | 10-14 | |
1.008 | ||
5.66 | ||
74.0 |
[H+]=[OH-] .
[H+]==1.008*10-14=1.004*10-7 -/
a:
a=[H+]/[H20]=1.004*10-7/55.56=1.8*10-9 t=250C
:[H+]=10-7 -/
: [H+]>10-7 -/
: [H+]<10-7 -/
: [H+]=10-4; =[H+][OH-]=10-14
[OH-]=/[H+]=10-10
10-4>10-10[H+]>[OH=], . .. pH=-lg[H+]
pH=7
pH<7
- pH>7
-2.1, -5, -6.5, --7.4.
- - , - pH.
++ - (, )
ͫ++-
D =3(58) 2(68) ( )
, . , , .
. , (-) ). - , , , - .
- | 3.1-4.4 | - | |
- | 4.2-6.3 | - | |
5(6)-8 | - | ||
- | 8.3-9.8 | - | |
9.8-10.5 | - |
- -.
.
- .
, -, - - 1- +. nAnH++An-. -,- - 1- . Me(OH)p Mep++pOH- - . - - -, - - - -. Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)3.. Zn(OH)2Zn2+ +2OH-H2ZnO22H++ZnO22- - . - , - ( ), - -. + -. + >, -, - , > -, -.
|
|
.
1) - -.
CH3COONaCH3COO-+Na+
H2O++ OH-
CH3COONa+ H2O CH3COOH+NaOH
, - - - >7
.
= /[CH3COOH]
= [CH3COOH] [OH-]/[CH3COO-] [H20] = [CH3COOH] [OH] [H+]/[CH3COO-] [H+]
CH3COOH =[CH3COOH-] [H+]/[CH3COOH]
2) 2- .
1 : Na2CO3+H20=NaHCO3+NaOH 2 : NaHCO3 +H20= NaOH+H2CO3
{ } >7 { } PH>7
3) c -
NH4Cl+H20=HCL+NH4OH PH>7
4) - - Al2CO3AlOHCl2Al(OH)2ClAl(0H)3
5) - . -
KNO3+H2O=KOH+HNO3 .- -. =7
6) - - CH3COONH4+H20=CH3COOH+NH4OH
= / CH3COOH NH4OH - , - -, - , - -
7) - - Al2S3+6H20=2Al(OH)3+3H2S2. .
h= / - *100%. h - t . h t ..
SbCl3+2H20Sb(OH)2Cl+2HCl >7 - .