, ( ).
3 : (), () . . , . , , 2 ; .
( ), (IUPAC) .
[2] | ||||||||||||||||||
→ ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||
1 H | 2 He | |||||||||||||||||
3 Li | 4 Be | 5 B | 6 C | 7 N | 8 O | 9 F | 10 Ne | |||||||||||
11 Na | 12 Mg | 13 Al | 14 Si | 15 P | 16 S | 17 Cl | 18 Ar | |||||||||||
19 K | 20 Ca | 21 Sc | 22 Ti | 23 V | 24 Cr | 25 Mn | 26 Fe | 27 Co | 28 Ni | 29 Cu | 30 Zn | 31 Ga | 32 Ge | 33 As | 34 Se | 35 Br | 36 Kr | |
37 Rb | 38 Sr | 39 Y | 40 Zr | 41 Nb | 42 Mo | 43 Tc | 44 Ru | 45 Rh | 46 Pd | 47 Ag | 48 Cd | 49 In | 50 Sn | 51 Sb | 52 Te | 53 I | 54 Xe | |
55 Cs | 56 Ba | * | 72 Hf | 73 Ta | 74 W | 75 Re | 76 Os | 77 Ir | 78 Pt | 79 Au | 80 Hg | 81 Tl | 82 Pb | 83 Bi | 84 Po | 85 At | 86 Rn | |
87 Fr | 88 Ra | ** | 104 Rf | 105 Db | 106 Sg | 107 Bh | 108 Hs | 109 Mt | 110 Ds | 111 Rg | 112 Cn | 113 Uut | 114 Uuq | 115 Uup | 116 Uuh | 117 Uus | 118 Uuo | |
119 Uue | 120 Ubn | *** | ||||||||||||||||
* | 57 La | 58 Ce | 59 Pr | 60 Nd | 61 Pm | 62 Sm | 63 Eu | 64 Gd | 65 Tb | 66 Dy | 67 Ho | 68 Er | 69 Tm | 70 Yb | 71 Lu | |||
** | 89 Ac | 90 Th | 91 Pa | 92 U | 93 Np | 94 Pu | 95 Am | 96 Cm | 97 Bk | 98 Cf | 99 Es | 100 Fm | 101 Md | 102 No | 103 Lr | |||
*** | 121 Ubu | 122 Ubb | 123 Ubt | 124 Ubq | 125 Ubp | 126 Ubh |
ٸ | |||
.. . , . . . . 1869 . . , , , . . , , . 2 , 2 (. 3.1.). 8 , 8 . , . |
, [3], 1989 . , . , . , , () [4].
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1970 . () . , , , [5][6]. , [7].
(4)
. - . () () . +1 1 . +2, 2 . . , 2 , . . , . ( 3.2.), . , . , , . |
. : . . ( ), , . , (), , (Cu), . : (Li). (I) 1 . , , . , , |
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. 3.3. , . |
. , . . , . . - , . (5) |