, , , .. pH = -log[H+].
, + -, . (>7) -, , + (<7)- . . =7. , .
, . . , - , . , , , . , , . , , - , (.. , ).
:
< 3
3 - 5
5 - 6.5
6.5 - 7.5
7.5 - 8.5
8.5 - 9.5
> 9.5
PH - , , . pH , , ..
, "" , , . , , , .
, . , pH 6.5-8.5, 4.6-6.1, 5.5-6.0, 7.9-8.3. - . , , (>11) , , . - 6 9.
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22. , (, ) -. , () ( ).
[1]:
1. ( ):
CO32− + H2O = HCO3− + OH−
Na2CO3 + 2 = NaHCO3 + NaOH
( , , )
2. ( ):
Cu2+ + 2 = CuOH+ + +
CuCl2 + 2 = CuOHCl + HCl
( , , )
3. :
2Al3+ + 3S2− + 62 = 2Al(OH)3() + 2S()
Al2S3 + 6H2O = 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
( , , ).