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1. , ( , ).
2. , ( ):
2.1) - ( );
2.2) - :
, Mg2+, 2+,Zn2+, Fe2+, u2+, 2+, 2+, 6+, K+.
. , . . Mg2+, n2+, Zn2+, 2+ . , y α-, - ; - .
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, (Mg2+, n2+, Zn2+ ) , , . - - , , . , , .
, .7 (. 7). , , , .
7. ,
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- | 6 () | |
(, ) | ||
Q (KoQ Q | ||
α- | - | |
α- | 1 () | |
() | ||
() | 2 | |
- | ||
, | 12 () |
|
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, . , , .
:
+ <=> .
, . - , , . . , .