.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





/ << >>.

:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

Void main(void)

{

ofstream out(myfile.txt);

if (!out)

{

cout<< \n; return 1;

}

out<<10<< <<10<< <<2004;

out<< ;

Out.close();

}

:

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

Void main(void)

{

Char ch;

Int i;

Float f;

char str[80];

ifstream in(myfile.txt);

if (!in)

{ cout<< \n; return 1; }

in>>i; in>>f; in>>ch; in>>str;

cout<<i<< <<f<< <<ch<<endl;

cout<<str<<endl;

In.close();

}

 

getline() iostream.h

char *getline(char *s,int n);

s - () ; n - .

, .

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

#include<fstream.h>

#include<stdio.h>

Void main(void)

{

ofstream fcout("aaa.cpp");

Ifstream fcin;

char *tmp=new char[80];

char *fname=new char[20];

char *word=new char[80];

char *ptr;

int a=0;

cout<<"Give name file:"<<endl;

Do

{

If(a)

{

cout<<"Invalid name file!! Give correct name:"<<endl;

}

Cin.getline(fname,20);

Fcin.open(fname);

a=1;

} while(!fcin);

cout<<"\give word:";

Cin.getline(word,80);

while(!fcin.eof()) /* read line from file */

{

Fcin.getline(tmp,80);

if ((ptr=strstr(tmp,word))!=NULL)

{

cout<<tmp<<endl;

fcout<<tmp<<endl;

}

}

Fcout.close();

Fcin.close();

Getch();

}

/.

. - get() put(). :

ifstream &get(char &ch);

ofstream &put(char ch);

get() ch. put() ch . .

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

Void main(void)

{

Char ch;

Ifstream in;

in.open(myfile.bin,ios::binary,1);

if(!in)

{

cout<<\n );

Return 1;

}

while(in.get(&ch))

cout<<ch;

In.close();

}

in , in

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

Oid main(void)

{

char *p=Hello, World!;

ofstream out(test);

if(!out)

{

cout<< \n;

Return 1;

}

while (*p)

out.put(*p++);

Out.close();

}

read(), write() :

ifstream &read(unsigned char *buf, int num); ofstream &write(unsigned char *buf, int num);

read() num buf. write() num buf.

#include <iostream.h>

#include <fstream.h>

Void main(void)

{

float numbers[10]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0};

Int i;

ofstream out(test);

if (!out)

{

cout<< \n;

Return 1;

}

out.write((unsigned char *) numbers, sizeof numbers);

Out.close();

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

numbers[i]=0;

ifstream in(test);

if (!in)

{

cout<< \n;

Return 1;

}

in.read((unsigned char *) numbers, sizeof numbers);

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

cout<<numbers[i]<< ;

cout<<\n;

cout<< <<in.gcount()<< \n;

In.close();

}

gcount() read().

eof(), , .

/ ++, , (streams). 4 : cin, cout, cerr, clog. cin , cout . cerr clog . cerr , . . . clog , , . . cin , cout , .

. << - inserting ( ), >> - extracting ( ).

.

#include <iostream.h>

Void main(void)

{

char name[100];

cout<<\n , :;

cin>>name;

cout>>\n ,;

cout<<name;

}

++ : -, .

-.

ios. : width(), fill(), precision().

width

int width() .

int width(int) .

:

- ;

- ;

- , fill;

- , width ;

- width 0;

- width .

#include <iostream.h>

const int MAX_LEN = 10; const int FLD_WIDTH = 10;

Void main(void)

{

char name[MAX_LEN];

int x=2867; int y=20051; int z=017;

cout<<|n Give name <<(max <<MAX_LEN-1<< symbols): ;

Cin.width(MAX_LEN);

cin>>name;

cout<<\n Hello, <<name;

Cout.width(FLD_WIDTH);

cout<<x<<\n;

Cout.width(FLD_WIDTH);

cout<<y<<\n;

Cout.width(FLD_WIDTH);

cout<<z<<\n;

}

fill

int fill() ;

int fill(char) .

.

#include <iostream.h>

const int FLD_WIDTH = 10; const int FILL_CHAR = 0;

Void main(void)

{

int x=2867, y=20051;

Cout.fill(FILL_CHAR);

Cout.width(FLD_WIDTH);

cout<<x<<\n;

Cout.width(FLD_WIDTH);

cout<<y<<\n;

}

precision

int precision() ;

int precision(int) . :

- 6 ;

- scientific fixed, precision ;

- scientific fixed, precision ;

precision

#include <iostream.h>

Void main(void)

{

float f = 3456.141592;

double d = 50.2345639101;

Cout.precision(4);

cout<<d<<\n; // 50.23

cout<<f<<\n; // 3456

Cout.precision(3);

cout<<f<<\n; // 3.46e+3

}

.

++ . , . , long. , ios .

long ios::flags()
long ios::flags(long) , ,
long ios::setf(long,long) , , . .
long ios::setf(long) , ; .
long ios::unsetf(long) , ; .

 

 

ios::skipws X ,
ios::left   , .
ios::right X ios::left ios::internal, .
ios::internal   , , . fill
ios::dec X , 10 ( )
ios::oct   , 8( )
ios::hex   , 16( )
ios::showbase   , (0x 16- 0 ).
ios::showpoint   , float, double, long double .
ios::uppercase   , A F 16- .
ios::showpos   , +
ios::scientific   , (.. n.xxxEy, 1.234e2)
ios::fixed   , (.. nnn.ddd, 123.45)

, .

#include <iostream.h>

#include <limits.h>

Void main(void)

{

int i=0;

cout<< : ;

//

cin>>i;

//

cout<< << i << endl;

//

cin.ignore(INT_MAX, \n);

cout<< : ;

// skipws

cin.unsetf(ios::skipws);

//

cin >> i;

}

#include <iostream.h>

Void main(void)

{

int x = 1678;

//

cout<< x= <<x<<\n;

//

long savedFlags = cout.flags;

// 16

cout.setf(ios::showbase|ios::hex);

//

cout<< x=<< x <<\n;

}

#include <iostream.h>

Void main(void)

{

float f = 2.3456789e6;

double d = 3.0e9;

cout << f = << f <<\n;

cout << d = << d <<\n;

// +

cout.setf(ios::showpos);

//

cout << f = << f <<\n;

cout << d = << d <<\n;

}

.

, . .

, , . .

endl (\n) flush
ends (\0). .
flush .
dec 10 (. ios::dec)
hex 16 (. ios::hex)
oct 8 (. ios::oct)
ws (. ios::skipws)

#include <iostream.h>

#include <iomanip.h>

Void main(void)

{

Int i;

cout << :; cin >> i;

if (!cin) cout << .<<endl;

Else

{

// hex, oct, dec

cout<<Hex: << hex << i << endl;

cout<<Oct: << oct << i << endl;

cout<<Dec: << dec << i << endl;

}

}





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