Transparency International . 1993 . .
, .
(-) 1999 [1]. 2000 , , . .
- :
;
;
.
: ́ ́ ́ (. Corruption Perceptions Index, CPI) , . Transparency International 1995 .
41
.
1. , . (2004) 10 ( )) , 0,07-0,08 $. (Ex. , , , )
2. , . (Henderson Kuncoro), , . . Olken, .
3. , , . 2 :
a. ( )
b. ( )
, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), 150 1980. , .
|
|
World Economic Forum (WEF) () The Global Competitiveness Report (CGR). 120 , .
() The institute for Management Development (IMD), (WCY). , , .
Transparency international , .
TI :
1. (Corruption Perception Index CPI)
2. (Global Corruption Barometer GCB)
3. . (Bribe Payers Index BPI)
4. (National Integrity System)
5. (Global Corruption Report GCR)
. , , .
, , , . 2009 73,132 69 , .
?
Gallup International.
?
15 ; .