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1. : assist, attend, call back, deserve, get through, look up, make, pick up, print out, put through.




 

 



 

 

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81.255.2:6+811.111(075.8) 81.432.1773 58

 

: ..

 

 

  58 : . / .. . . ; . . , 2016. 125 .   - . - . . , , , . , - , . . , .

 

81.255.2:6+811.111(075.8)

81.432.1773

 

 

  , 2016 . .

 

 


 

. 5

1. . 6

1.1. . 6

1.2. . 23

1.3. . 27

1.4. . 32

1.5. . 38

1.6. . 43

1.7. . 51

1.8. . 62

1.9. . 72

1.10. , . 85

1.11. . 92

2. . 103

2.1. Modern Manufacturing. 103

2.2. Process Selection. 105

2.3. Basic Machine Tool Components. 107

2.4. Cutting Tool Materials. 108

2.5. Drilling and Reaming. 110

2.6. Turning and Boring. 111

2.7. Planing and Shaping. 112

2.8. Milling. 114

2.9. Broaching. 115

2.10. Grinding. 117

2.11. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 121

2.12. Ultrasonic Machining. 123

- . , , . , , . - , .. - ( , ), , - .

, , , . , , . , , , . , ( , , ..), .

, . .

, , .

(tenses) , . , , : (present simple), (past simple) (future simple). : (progressive tense) (perfect tense).

(present simple tense) , to. 3- - s. .

1. , :

The engineer usually inspects the equipment once a week. .

2. , :

He works in the Personnel Department of a large multinational company. ( ) .

3. , :

Metals expand when heated. .

:

The meeting starts at 3 oclock. () 3 .
Our flight arrives at 6 p.m. () 6 .

(past simple tense) , . , . , . -ed.

Past simple tense yesterday, in 2002, last year, last week, on Sunday, at five oclock .. , , , .

She moved to Paris when she lost her job in Rome. , .

(future simple tense) , . will ( shall ) to:

It is likely that precision machines will contain more and more ceramic components. , .

 

will .

1. , :

Have you checked the results of the experiment? No. Ill do it now. ? , .

2. :

Our products will sell well on the Japanese market. .

3. , :

We will probably have to adapt our advertising strategy for the export market. , , .

4. (first conditional). if, unless, until, before, after, when, as soon as .. :

I will work until I accomplish my assignment. , .
If they delay delivering the parts, we will stop the production. , .

5. :

Next year, our company will be fifty years old. .
First the manager will talk about the market possibilities in general and then hell give us some figures. , .

 

going to.

1. , :

 

Next year, we are going to invest in a new plant. .

2. , :

Costs are going to go up because the fuel prices are rising. , .

shall will :

shall go. .
I will not leave. .

should would. should , a would .

They should work. .
I would not stay. .

(be done)

(passive voice) , , , . , . be + (past participle) + by (with). be , , .. , . passive , :

This shaft was made by a turner. .

, .

:

 

The article was read by the engineer. .

(be doing)

(progressive tense) be + . , , , , :

The universe is expanding. .

(present progressive tense) .

1. , :

 

Were expanding our operations in the Far East. .

2. é :

Im looking for a job. .
Im working in a workshop during the summer holidays. .

 

NB! work job , : looking for work/ a job; enjoy my work/ job. work/ job is interesling / boring / rewarding. work , : a lot of work to be done in the garden; womens work. Work , job . Job , , , (), : my last job; a job in a supermarket. work: go to work; be at work (he's at work);work permit; work experience; his/her latest works. job: apply for a job (as a nurse); have a job as a secretary; change ones job; to (constantly) change jobs; on-the-job training.

, today, now, at the moment, this season:

I am phoning (now). I am looking for a job (now). (). () .

, , , , , .

Please, stop talking. John is studying. , . .

:

Were flying to Hamburg next week. .

(past progressive tense) , .

(future progressive tense) , . .

1. :

 

I was working at 5 clock. 5 .
I will be waiting for you at 7 clock. 7 .

2. , . when, while, as:

Everybody was working when I arrived. , .

be + being + past participle:

The report is being written. .

be . , be progressive (be + being), :

What is being built here now? ? ( build present progressive.)

(have done)

(perfect tense) , , , , . , . , , .

1. (present perfect tense) , , , :

 

I have forgotten the name of that firm. ( ).

Present perfect tense + for , present perfect tense + since , .

I have studied English for ten years. .

 

NB! () (, ). : 1. I know him for many years. 2. I have known him for many years. : , . , , .

just, already, never, ever, lately, so far, up to now, . Present perfect ( , ):

He has already admitted making a mistake and apologized. .
Have you ever used this type of appliance? - ?

2. (past perfect tense) , . Past perfect tense .

when, after, before:

Before he came to our company, he had graduated from the university with degree in computer science. , , .

by:

I had come by 5 oclock. 5 .

when :

When I have read the manual, I will give it to you. , , .

Past perfect , when .

3. (future perfect tense) , :

 

Many natural resources will have disappeared by the end of the century. .
I will have finished the cleaning before you come back. , .

 

4. (present perfect progressive tense) , , . Present perfect progressive have + been + . perfect progressive , . , , present perfect progressive tense :

 

We have been waiting for you for two hours. .
I have been studying English for 2 years. () () .

1. : assist, attend, call back, deserve, get through, look up, make, pick up, print out, put through.

: Normally she calls back straight away.

1. His secretary always _______ the phone first. 2. This year we ________ to get a pay rise. 3. This week he _______ the Personnel Director with the interviews. 4. She ________ the number in the phone book at the moment. 5. Today I _______ a training session on quality control. 6. Once a week the computer ________ the sales figures. 7. We hardly ever _______ to Bombay so easily. 8. Please hold on. I ________ to the Sales Department. 9. I _______ some notes now and Ill make the call in a few minutes.





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