. ( , ) .
n .
n 1 ∞ ():
n= 1,2,3,4,5,6,7..∞
, n, .
, .
.., . 2n 2 , , . :
K L M N O P Q
n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n =5 n=6 n=7
max e 2 8 18 32
1- , . , 1- . . 8 . , .
: .
III , , 3 ; 16, , 16 .
16S K L M
n=1 n=2 n=3
2 8 6
( ), .
() (), . n 0 (n 1). , (s, p, d, f) . , = 0, s , = 1, p- .
= 0 = 1 = 2 = 3
s p d f
n = 1 n = 2 n = 3
s 1 s 2 s2p 3s3p3d
.
d- , (K) (L) .
f , (K), (L) (M) .
|
|
. : s 2, p6, d 10, f 14
(E), , , . Es Ep Ed Ef
.
, .
, (n) ().
: .
16S K L M
n=1 n=2 n=3
2 8 6
1s2 2s22p6 3s23p43d