( , ., N)
1 . .
, 1 - 1 - . .
, , , , .. 1 .
, , , , .
, . N3 = r HNO3, .. = r
2SO4 = Mr = 98 = 49
2 2
34 = 98 = 32,6
.
3 .
2SO4 + NaOH = NaHSO4 + H2O MH2SO4 = MrH2SO4
H3PO4 + NaOH = NaH2PO4 + H2O M34 = rH3PO4
H3PO4 + 2NaOH= Na2HPO4 + 2H2O M34 = r H3PO4
H3PO4 + 3NaOH = Na3PO4 + 3H2O MH3PO4 = MrH3PO4
3
, . NaOH = MrNaOH ;
g(OH)2 = MrMg(OH) 2 -
Mg(OH)2 + HCI = MgOHCI + H2O M g(OH)2 = MrMg(OH)2
, .
Na2SO4 = MrNa2SO4; AL2(SO4)3 = Mr AL2(SO4)3
1 2 3 2
, , .
2KCl + Na3[Co(NO2)6] = K2Na[Co(NO2)]↓+2NaCl
Na[Co(No2)6] = MrNa3[Co(No2)6]
1 x 2
, , , .
Na2SO3 + KMnO4 +H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + MnSO4 +K2SO4 + H2O
+7 +2
KnO4 = MrKnO4, .. Mn +5e →Mn
, , 1 1 .
Z
M = Mr
Z
, , 1 , (+1), Z=1 .
, 1 1 , 1. , 0,1 - 0,1; 0,01 0,01.
Na2CO3, 500 0,1 .
|
|
1 : , :
1000 0,1 0,1
500 0,1
= 500 0,1 = 0,05
Na2CO3 = Mr Na2CO3 = 106.004 = 53.002
2 2
.
m Na2CO3 = = 53,002 0,05= 2,6501
q = V N x M, q - ,
1000 V
N -
()
D = 500 x 0, 1 53,0022 = 2,6501
1. : , , , , , (), ().
2. : ) ; ) ; ) . .
3. (Na2CO3 x 10H2O) 500 0,5 .
4. 38% ( 1,19) 500 0,3 ?
3. -
:
1.
2.
2 → + + -.
, + -. , [H+] [OH-] . 25 10-7 .
+ -, [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 /.
q = [H+] x [OH-]
[H2O]
Kq[H2O] = [H+] x [OH-]
[H2O] , . q[H2O] 2, 2 = [H+] x [OH-].
[H+] x [OH-] . .
25
2 = 10-14, [H+] x [OH-] = 10-14
, [H+] . -, , ..
. + 100 , [H+] x [OH-] - 100 .
( [OH-] , [+] . , +, - .
- . ; - .
|
|
+ = 14
- 10-7/. [H+] = 1 x 10-7 =7.
, 1 10-7/; [H+]>1 x 10-7. [ OH-] = < 1 x 10-7 pH <7
, 1 10-7/, [OH-]>1 x 10-7 pH >7
, , .. .
1