. (A, , C, D). () 53 . ( ) .
. 2.2.1. .
() . 2.2.2. () , , ( ) .
. 2.2.1 , 2.2.2 .
.
/ | . | |
25,6 | UTP Cat. 3 | |
51,84 | UTP Cat. 3 /. . . . | 100 2 000 400 |
100,0 | /. . | 2 000 |
155,52 | UTP Cat. 5, STP 1A /. . . . | 100 2 000 200 |
622,08 | /. . |
.
/ | . | |
1,544 (1)/2,048(1) | UTP Cat. 3 | 1,3 |
34,368(3)/44,736(3) | . . | 0,4 |
51,84/155,52/622,08 | /. . | 15 |
. . | . | . | ||
+ | + | + | , TV | |
- | + | + | . , TV | |
- | - | + | TCP | |
D | - | - | - | IP, Ethernet |
X | - | - |
. AAL1 AAL5 , 2.3.4.
GFC (Generic Flow Control) .
VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) ( ).
VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier)
PTI (Payload Type Identifier) (3 ) , .
CLP (Cell Loss Priority) .
HEC (Header Error Control) .
, , , .
|
|
Ethernet
Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 ( . luminiferous ether ) LAN CSMA/CD.
70- . (Robert Metcalfe) 3 /. 1980 . DEC-Intel-Xerox 10 / 1985 . 802- IEEE. Ethernet Ethernet II/Ethernet DIX (DEC, Intel, Xerox) Raw 802.3 (Novell), ().
Ethernet.
. 2.3.1. Ethernet
IEEE Ethernet LLC (Logical Link Control), , MAC (Media Access Control), .
MAC 6 , 3 ( ) IEEE , 3 .
2.3.2.
, MAC , .
. , , , 1, , , 1 , , , , .
Ethernet
, . Ethernet , .
10Base5 10Base2. 10 10 /, Base , , 5 2 . 50 , RG 8/11 RG58 (thick) (thin) Ethernet.
10BaseF (Fiber). 10BaseFL ( IEEE 802.3 (80- ) FOIRL (Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link) ) 10BaseFB , 2 . , , , . - .
|
|
10BaseT (Twisted), 8 (IEEE 802.3i), Ethernet 2 . UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) .
() | ||
, | ||
, ArcNet | ||
, 10BaseT | ||
Token Ring | ||
110(200) | 100BaseT | |
1000BaseT | ||
400(750) | 1000BaseT |
UTP , . ().
Ethernet UTP , Token Ring, STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) Type 1A, .
- , , . 100 . (hub), ( ) ().
4- , . . 4 .
4- , . . (Switch), , (Router), . (Gateway) , .
Ethernet (NIC Network Interface Card), .
.
() | () | /-/ | |
ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) | 8,33 | 66,64-8,33 | |
EISA (Enhanced ISA) | 8,33 | 266,56-33,32 | |
MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) | 10,0 | 320,0-40,0 | |
VLB (VESA Local Bus) | 33,33 | 1066,56-133,33 | |
PCI (Peripheral Connection Interface) | 33,33 | 1066,56-133,33 |
(Bus mastering)
( 2 )
remote wake up ( ).
: ( ), ( ) ( , ).
IEEE 802.1p (QoS Quality of Service).
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u) LAN. 1992 . 1995 . 3Com, SynOptics . Ethernet, CSMA/CD. 1995 . IEEE 802.3 802.3u 100 /, (10 100 /).
( 2.3.2.1) Ethernet .
|
|
. . () | ||
100BaseT4 | UTP Cat.3 | |
100BaseTX | UTP Cat.5 | |
100BaseFX | . . . |
100BaseT4 UTP Cat.3 - (, , . .) . 4 UTP.
100BaseTX . , 100 / , . Ethernet 2- 4- .
100BaseFX 2 .
Fast Ethernet :
I (100BaseT4, 100BaseTX/FX)
II 100BaseT4, 100BaseTX/FX
I ( ) 1 I, 2 II, 5 . , , . . , .
Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z/) (1998-9 .) 1000 / , , , , . .
Gigabit Ethernet.
. . () | ||
1000BaseSX/LX | /. | 200-500 |
Twinax | ||
1000BaseT | UTP Cat.5 |
1000BaseSX/LX IEEE 802.3z (1998 .) (S short) (L long) - .
Twinax /.
1000Base IEEE 802.3 (1999 .) 5 . 4 . , . .
1- Gigabit Ethernet.
802 IEEE 10 Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae).