.
, , . , , .. . , , . .
12.2. . .
: Carlson R.L. (1978); Oum ..and Gillen D.W. (1981).
-0, 83 | -0, 75 | ||
- 1, 20 | - 1, 40 | ||
- 1, 30 | -2, 10 | ||
- 1, 54 | |||
-2, 07 |
. 12.2. , , .
, , ; , , . , , .
, . . ; , . .
, , , , . .
12.3. .
Lambin (1976, 1988) | 0, 081 | -1, 735 | 0, 521 | 1, 395 | |
Assmus, Farley and Lehmann (1984) | 0, 221 (0, 264) | ||||
Hagerty, Carman and Russel (1988) | 0, 003 (0, 105) | -0, 985 (1, 969) | 0, 344 (0, 528) | 0, 304 (0, 255) | |
Neslin and Shoemaker (1983) | -1, 800 | ||||
Tellis (1988) | -1, 760 |
, , , . , , . , .
|
|
, , .
, . , t- , 4, 0, ( ), 1 % 30 ( ). ( ) 25%; , , +- 25%. .
, , , (Nagle, 1987), , .
12.3.4.
, . , , . /, . , .
, , , , . - .
, 5, . . . .