(. 22). (: R 1, R 2, R, R, : 1, 2, 3); Si; ; , (KU, KI, KP); (R, R).
, : I 0 U 0 ; R; f 0.
:
= 24 ;
I 0 = 15 ;
U 0 = 12 ;
R = 600 ;
f 0= 400 .
, .
:
1. :
, = 180 ,
.
25 :
300 | 13 ÷ 25 | 40 | 200 |
2. .
R 1, R 2, R, R R 1, R 2, R, R , :
) (.23)
I 0 ≈ 0.9 ;
)
I 0 = I 0 + I 0 = 15 + 0.9 = 15.9 ;
) R 0.2 .
R = R =330 ;
) R
R = , R = 470 ;
) (. 24)
U 0 ≈ 0.25 ;
) I, R 1 R 2. I = 10 ∙ I 0 = 10 ∙ 0.9 = 9 ;
) R 2 R 2:
R 2 = , R2 = 560 ;
) R 1 R 1:
R 1 = , R1 = 2 .
3. :
) R:
R =
)
)
Si =
3 ÷ 5.
, Si, , , . Si I R.
Si = 2.18 < 3. I , .2..
|
|
2. ) I = 5 I 0 = 5 ∙ 0.9 = 4.5 ;
) R 2 R 2:
R 2 = , R2 = 1,1 ;
) R 1 R 1:
R 1 = , R1 = 3,6 ;
3. ) R:
R =
)
Si =
Si .
4. :
) (. 25) , .
r = tg
) R 1, R 2, r. R 1 R 2 R, R :
R = R // r =
)
R ~ = R // R =
)
KI =
)
KU = KI
, 1800 , .. ;
)
= │KI KU│ = 6.6 ∙ 44.5 = 296;
) , r
R = r // R.
, r >> R,
R ≈ R = 480 .
5. :
) 1 1, , << R.
= 0.1 R.
1= ,
1 =50 ;
) 2 2, = 0.1 R:
2 = ,
2 =10 ;
) 3 3, = 0.1 R:
C 3= 3 =10 ;
6. .
, :
U = E I (R + R).
(.23) :
) , (I = 0):
U = = 24 .
, ;
) , (U =0):
I .. =
.. , I ;
) , . ,
|
|
U 0 = 12 ; I 0 = 15 (. .24).
7.
U ~ = I ~ R ~.
,
,
I = 0:
U = U 0 + ∆ U ~ = 12 + 4 = 16 B.
. .25.
: ; (E 1, I 1, E 2, I 2); () ().
(U, I, P, R), , f0.
:
E = 12 B; P = 40 ; R = 100 .
, , . , , ( , .), .
, . , .
, , .. (, ) .
1. :
)
)
2. :
) ... (.26):
;
)
)
∆ U , 0.5 ;
)
)
n =
3. :
) ,
= 0.2; 1 = 0.2 ∙ 44.5 = 8.9 ;
)
Im = I 1 m = 6.95 A;
)
U m = 2 E = 2 ∙ 12 = 24 B.
4. .
210 :
I . . = 12 .
U . . = 40 .
β ≥ 10.
I 0 ≤ 15 (200 ).
5. :
)
) , Im, ( , U m = 0.5 )
U m = 0.5 ;
|
|
)
=
6.
=
, . , , . 27.
: , (R 1, R 2, R 3); ; ; .
, ( ), .
:
= 50 ;
= 24 ;
= + 6 .
.
1. :
)
)
2. V2
) V2
I 2 = I = 2.08 A;
) V2
U 2 = = 24 ;
) 213 :
I . = 5 .
U . = 45 .
I 0 (200 ) = 15 .
β = 20 50.
3. V2:
) V2
I 2 =
, 1.4 1.6;
) , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2
R = R 1 + R 2 =
U 2 V2 . . U ≈ 0.5 U ≈ 1 ;
) R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2, , R 1 = 0.8 R;
R 2 = 0.2 R:
R 1 = 0.8 R = 0.8 ∙ 151 = 121 , R 1=120 ;
R 2 = 0.2 R = 0.2 ∙ 151 = 30 , R 2=30
4. V1:
) ( )
I 1 =
) V1 ( )
U 1 . ≈
) 25 .
I = 400 .
U = 40 .
∆ U .
β = 20
5. V2:
) V2
U 2 = 0.2 ;
) R 2, V2,
U = U 2 + Δ U 1 = 0.2 + 1 = 1.2 ;
) , R 2, V2 ,
I =
) I < I 1 :
0.04 < 0.2;
) , R 3, V2 ,
I = I + I 02= 40 + 15 = 65 ;
|
|
) R 3
U = E U 2 = 6 0.2 = 5.8 ;
) R 3 R 3
R 3 = , R 3=91
6. :
) , V1 ,
I = I 1 =
) V1 ( U ≈ 0.5)
U ≈ 0.5 ;
)
= U I = 0.5 ∙ 0.015 = 0.0075 ;
)
=
7. VD3.
VD3 , ( ..), . ... , .
VD3 :
) VD3
Ua 3 = E = 24 B;
) VD3
Ia 3 = I = 2.08 ;
) 303 .
- ( )
I . = 3.0 .
-
U (200 ) = 150 .
. () (.28) .
, , :
R =22,25 ;
U =0,09 ;
f-f =250-5000 ;
= =1,18;
=16 ;
t = +40 .
R1 =0,5 .
1. .
,
U =1 .
U =-5 ( ). , R>>R.
.
k .
, , .
40:
t =150 ;
t = +20;
h21=3;
U = 30 .
(. 29, , ).
I = I h21 /(h21 +1) = 630/31= 5,8 .
. . 29, .
2. , .
, R =1,8 .
:
, R =24 .
3.
;
.
4. , : 2 =1,13, 1=1,05 ( 2 2=1.18). , 2 1. :
,
2 =30 ;
,
1 =30 ;
5.
,
. , .
6. , R R1, , .
. 28 R1 . , .
, R=(3÷5)R = | U| + IR..
. -n- . 30, . 31 . u.1 u.2, u.1 u.2.
|
|
, , , V1. : λ1 =12 , t1 = 10 , t1 ≤ 1,0 , t1 ≤ 2 , = 40 , R = 2 , t = +40.
:
1. . fh21, U h21.
,
.
fh21 . t2 ≈ τ/α ≈ τα + RC , 1 RC1 ≥ (5÷10)τ/α. τ/α>>RC, RC1≈ 10 τα.
, ,
- .
t1≈ 0,7 RC1
.
h21,
.
Q = T/t = 40/10 = 4
= (1,1÷1,2) U1 = (1,1÷1,2)12 = (13,2÷14,4) . = 14 . U ≥ 2 = 2∙14 = 28 . 23. , , . , .
20:
U = 30,
I =300 ,
I =50 ,
fh21 =2,0,
h21 =50÷150,
t. = +85.
2. R
.
I
;
.
, . , R . R R =(0,1÷0,15) R 1 2 - t1. R= 2 , R =(0,1÷0,15)2103= 200÷300 . R =270 .
3. R .
, R =6,8 .
4. .
.
5. 1 2. .4 t1 ≈0,7 R1 t2 ≈0,7 R2,
1 1 2000 100 , 2 - 6200 100 .
6. t1 t1, t2 t2:
, t1 t1 .
. (. 32), . 33.
V2. V1.
:
U = 9 ;
t = 20 ;
=120 ;
t = +40.
:
1. , . . ,
.
=1,1(U+U/1), U/1 - R1 .
U/1 ≈ (0,2÷0,3) . U/1 ≈ 0,25, ≈1,5 U = 1,59=13,5 . =14,5 .
, U =2 =214,5=29 .
.
≈1,2÷1,4. . 20, .
2. R2 R1. V2 t= +40:
.
.
R2 = 270.
R3
, R3 =82
3. R1 =(2÷3) R2 =(2÷3)270=(540÷810) , R =750 .
4. R1 R1
, R1 =18 .
, R2 =5,6 .
5. R2 R2
, R2 =10 .
:
.
, .
6.
,
=750 n.
7, . t≈t ≈3τα=3 . t t .
8. , . .
.
, t=-t =120-20=100 . , t<<t . R1 R2 , .
9. R, VD.
R ≥(5÷6) R1. . ,
R ≥(5÷6)750=3,75÷4,5 , R =4,3 .
. .
.
R - . , 1 , :
,
=4300 n.
. 9, 9, 9, 9 9, U. =30>2 .
- () (. 34). :
U. =8 ;
t =12 ;
=400 ;
t. t. ≤1,2 ;
R =1000 ;
=100 n;
t =40.
1. . , τ, , . , t , : 3τ<t<τ; t>3τ; t>τ t<<τL; τ>>τ, t<<τL. : τ=R - (R - , r/); - Lμ, ; . .
: fh21 f U. :
,
- ().
n ≈1. , n , - , , , U. 0,5≤ n ≤3.
, ≈1,2∙8/1=9,6 . =10 U ≥20 . . t ≥0,5 , τ ≈(0,5÷1,0)τβ. , t >3 τ t ≤0,1 t, :
.
(t ≤0,5 t ≤5 ) . τ ≈(2÷7)τβ . ,
.
U fh21 41, U =-20 , U ≈6 , I =15 , I =150 , fh21 =l , =60 n, r/= 220 .
2. n.
,
,
0 ≈ / + /.
/ . 0 ≈ 2/ ≈2n=2∙1∙100×10-12=200 n. ,
.
n , n ≈0,5.
3.
.
=0,06 (C=C1+C2 =0,05+0,01). ,
,
;
;
;
;
;
: .
4.
.
5. Lμ≈L1 :
,
.
:
;
;
.
6.
(150 ). , , R≈2r/ (. 34) , R R=r/ +R. R , .
Lμ
.
, Lμ .
7.
,
;
;
;
.
t t .
8. , -
.
9.
,
; ;
.
, R =27 .
10. :
.
,
.
, .
, . . 8,3%. . , ( , 15÷20%), R , , τ.
11. :
,
;
.
ΔU , . R, VD ( . 34 ) , .
:
;
,
.
R/>>R. R/>>R., R+R. =36 (R. - ). ,
.
9, I. =80 to =+60 U =20 > . R. ≈16 R =18 .
(. 35). , , .
R. t , t=T-t.
R
.
, .
. t =10 , =300 , 41, IK =60 t =+40, =0,06 , t =300-10=290 .
, R =1,3 0.
, =0,5 .
, U ≈0,6 B.
( ) () .
. 36.
:
U. =14 ;
f =800 ;
t≈t ≤0,3 ;
t =+50.
:
1. U fh21. =(1,1÷1,2)U.+U1, U R3. U1≈1,5÷3,0. U1 =2 =1,214+2=18,8 . =19 . , U≥2 =38 .
fh21≥f /0,7=800/1,7=1,14 ; 21, fh21 =1,5 ; h21 =20÷100; U =40 ; I =50 ; I =50 .
2. R1, R2, R3. V2 t =+50.
;
, R2 =390 .
R1 : R1=(2÷4)R2 =(2÷4)390=780÷1560 , R1 =1 .
, R3 =56
3. R R. R