.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





(. 22). (: R 1, R 2, R, R, : 1, 2, 3); Si; ; , (KU, KI, KP); (R, R).

 
 

, : I 0 U 0 ; R; f 0.

:

= 24 ;

I 0 = 15 ;

U 0 = 12 ;

R = 600 ;

f 0= 400 .

, .

:

1. :

, = 180 ,

.

25 :

300 13 ÷ 25 40 200

 

2. .

R 1, R 2, R, R R 1, R 2, R, R , :

) (.23)

I 0 ≈ 0.9 ;

)

I 0 = I 0 + I 0 = 15 + 0.9 = 15.9 ;

) R 0.2 .

R = R =330 ;

) R

R = , R = 470 ;

) (. 24)

U 0 ≈ 0.25 ;

) I, R 1 R 2. I = 10 ∙ I 0 = 10 ∙ 0.9 = 9 ;

) R 2 R 2:

R 2 = , R2 = 560 ;

) R 1 R 1:

R 1 = , R1 = 2 .

3. :

) R:

R =

 

)

)

Si =

3 ÷ 5.

, Si, , , . Si I R.

Si = 2.18 < 3. I , .2..

2. ) I = 5 I 0 = 5 ∙ 0.9 = 4.5 ;

) R 2 R 2:

R 2 = , R2 = 1,1 ;

) R 1 R 1:

R 1 = , R1 = 3,6 ;

3. ) R:

R =

)

Si =

Si .

4. :

) (. 25) , .

r = tg

) R 1, R 2, r. R 1 R 2 R, R :

R = R // r =

)

R ~ = R // R =

)

KI =

)

KU = KI

, 1800 , .. ;

)

= │KI KU = 6.6 ∙ 44.5 = 296;

) , r

R = r // R.

, r >> R,

RR = 480 .

5. :

) 1 1, , << R.

= 0.1 R.

1= ,

1 =50 ;

) 2 2, = 0.1 R:

2 = ,

2 =10 ;

 

) 3 3, = 0.1 R:

C 3= 3 =10 ;

 

6. .

, :

U = E I (R + R).

(.23) :

) , (I = 0):

U = = 24 .

, ;

) , (U =0):

I .. =

.. , I ;

) , . ,

U 0 = 12 ; I 0 = 15 (. .24).

7.

U ~ = I ~ R ~.

,

,

I = 0:

U = U 0 + ∆ U ~ = 12 + 4 = 16 B.

 

. .25.

: ; (E 1, I 1, E 2, I 2); () ().

(U, I, P, R), , f0.

:

E = 12 B; P = 40 ; R = 100 .

, , . , , ( , .), .

 
 

, . , .

, , .. (, ) .

1. :

)

)

2. :

) ... (.26):

;

)

)

U , 0.5 ;

)

)

n =

3. :

) ,

= 0.2; 1 = 0.2 ∙ 44.5 = 8.9 ;

)

Im = I 1 m = 6.95 A;

)

U m = 2 E = 2 ∙ 12 = 24 B.

4. .

210 :

I . . = 12 .

U . . = 40 .

β ≥ 10.

I 0 ≤ 15 (200 ).

5. :

)

) , Im, ( , U m = 0.5 )

U m = 0.5 ;

)

=

6.

=

 

, . , , . 27.

: , (R 1, R 2, R 3); ; ; .

, ( ), .

:

= 50 ;

= 24 ;

= + 6 .

.

1. :

)

)

2. V2

) V2

I 2 = I = 2.08 A;

) V2

U 2 = = 24 ;

) 213 :

I . = 5 .

U . = 45 .

I 0 (200 ) = 15 .

β = 20 50.

3. V2:

) V2

I 2 =

, 1.4 1.6;

) , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2

R = R 1 + R 2 =

U 2 V2 . . U ≈ 0.5 U ≈ 1 ;

) R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2, , R 1 = 0.8 R;

R 2 = 0.2 R:

R 1 = 0.8 R = 0.8 ∙ 151 = 121 , R 1=120 ;

R 2 = 0.2 R = 0.2 ∙ 151 = 30 , R 2=30

4. V1:

) ( )

I 1 =

) V1 ( )

U 1 .

) 25 .

I = 400 .

U = 40 .

U .

β = 20

5. V2:

) V2

U 2 = 0.2 ;

) R 2, V2,

U = U 2 + Δ U 1 = 0.2 + 1 = 1.2 ;

) , R 2, V2 ,

I =

) I < I 1 :

0.04 < 0.2;

) , R 3, V2 ,

I = I + I 02= 40 + 15 = 65 ;

) R 3

U = E U 2 = 6 0.2 = 5.8 ;

) R 3 R 3

R 3 = , R 3=91

6. :

) , V1 ,

I = I 1 =

) V1 ( U ≈ 0.5)

U ≈ 0.5 ;

)

= U I = 0.5 ∙ 0.015 = 0.0075 ;

)

=

7. VD3.

VD3 , ( ..), . ... , .

VD3 :

) VD3

Ua 3 = E = 24 B;

) VD3

Ia 3 = I = 2.08 ;

) 303 .

- ( )

I . = 3.0 .

-

U (200 ) = 150 .

 

. () (.28) .

, , :

R =22,25 ;

U =0,09 ;

f-f =250-5000 ;

= =1,18;

=16 ;

t = +40 .

R1 =0,5 .

1. .

,

U =1 .

U =-5 ( ). , R>>R.

.

k .

, , .

40:

t =150 ;

t = +20;

h21=3;

U = 30 .

(. 29, , ).

I = I h21 /(h21 +1) = 630/31= 5,8 .

. . 29, .

2. , .

, R =1,8 .

:

, R =24 .

3.

;

.

 

4. , : 2 =1,13, 1=1,05 ( 2 2=1.18). , 2 1. :

 
 

,

2 =30 ;

,

1 =30 ;

5.

,

. , .

6. , R R1, , .

. 28 R1 . , .

, R=(3÷5)R = | U| + IR..

. -n- . 30, . 31 . u.1 u.2, u.1 u.2.

, , , V1. : λ1 =12 , t1 = 10 , t1 ≤ 1,0 , t1 ≤ 2 , = 40 , R = 2 , t = +40.


:

1. . fh21, U h21.

,

.

fh21 . t2 ≈ τ/α ≈ τα + RC , 1 RC1 ≥ (5÷10)τ/α. τ/α>>RC, RC1≈ 10 τα.

, ,

- .

t1≈ 0,7 RC1

.

h21,

.

Q = T/t = 40/10 = 4

= (1,1÷1,2) U1 = (1,1÷1,2)12 = (13,2÷14,4) . = 14 . U ≥ 2 = 2∙14 = 28 . 23. , , . , .

20:

U = 30,

I =300 ,

I =50 ,

fh21 =2,0,

h21 =50÷150,

t. = +85.

 

2. R

.

I

;

.

, . , R . R R =(0,1÷0,15) R 1 2 - t1. R= 2 , R =(0,1÷0,15)2103= 200÷300 . R =270 .

3. R .

, R =6,8 .

4. .

.

5. 1 2. .4 t1 ≈0,7 R1 t2 ≈0,7 R2,

1 1 2000 100 , 2 - 6200 100 .

6. t1 t1, t2 t2:

, t1 t1 .

. (. 32), . 33.

V2. V1.

:

U = 9 ;

t = 20 ;

=120 ;

t = +40.

:

1. , . . ,

.

=1,1(U+U/1), U/1 - R1 .

U/1 ≈ (0,2÷0,3) . U/1 ≈ 0,25, ≈1,5 U = 1,59=13,5 . =14,5 .

, U =2 =214,5=29 .

.

≈1,2÷1,4. . 20, .

2. R2 R1. V2 t= +40:

.

 
 

.

R2 = 270.

R3

, R3 =82

3. R1 =(2÷3) R2 =(2÷3)270=(540÷810) , R =750 .

4. R1 R1

, R1 =18 .

, R2 =5,6 .

5. R2 R2

, R2 =10 .

 

:

.

, .

6.

,

=750 n.

 

7, . t≈t ≈3τα=3 . t t .

8. , . .

.

, t=-t =120-20=100 . , t<<t . R1 R2 , .

9. R, VD.

R ≥(5÷6) R1. . ,

R ≥(5÷6)750=3,75÷4,5 , R =4,3 .

. .

.

R - . , 1 , :

,

=4300 n.

. 9, 9, 9, 9 9, U. =30>2 .

- () (. 34). :

U. =8 ;

t =12 ;

=400 ;

t. t. ≤1,2 ;

R =1000 ;

=100 n;

t =40.

 
 

1. . , τ, , . , t , : <t; t>3τ; t t<<τL; τ>>τ, t<<τL. : τ=R - (R - , r/); - Lμ, ; . .

: fh21 f U. :

,

- ().

n ≈1. , n , - , , , U. 0,5≤ n ≤3.

, ≈1,2∙8/1=9,6 . =10 U ≥20 . . t ≥0,5 , τ ≈(0,5÷1,0)τβ. , t >3 τ t ≤0,1 t, :

.

(t ≤0,5 t ≤5 ) . τ ≈(2÷7)τβ . ,

.

U fh21 41, U =-20 , U ≈6 , I =15 , I =150 , fh21 =l , =60 n, r/= 220 .

2. n.

,

 

,

0/ + /.

/ . 0 ≈ 2/ ≈2n=2∙1∙100×10-12=200 n. ,

.

n , n ≈0,5.

3.

.

=0,06 (C=C1+C2 =0,05+0,01). ,

,

;

;

;

;

;

: .

4.

.

5. Lμ≈L1 :

,

.

:

;

;

.

6.

(150 ). , , R≈2r/ (. 34) , R R=r/ +R. R , .

Lμ

.

, Lμ .

7.

,

;

;

;

.

t t .

8. , -

.

9.

,

; ;

.

, R =27 .

 

10. :

.

,

.

, .

, . . 8,3%. . , ( , 15÷20%), R , , τ.

11. :

,

;

.

ΔU , . R, VD ( . 34 ) , .

:

;

,

.

R/>>R. R/>>R., R+R. =36 (R. - ). ,

.

9, I. =80 to =+60 U =20 > . R. ≈16 R =18 .

(. 35). , , .

R. t , t=T-t.

R

.

, .


. t =10 , =300 , 41, IK =60 t =+40, =0,06 , t =300-10=290 .

, R =1,3 0.

, =0,5 .

, U ≈0,6 B.

( ) () .

. 36.

:

U. =14 ;

f =800 ;

t≈t ≤0,3 ;

 
 

t =+50.

:

1. U fh21. =(1,1÷1,2)U.+U1, U R3. U1≈1,5÷3,0. U1 =2 =1,214+2=18,8 . =19 . , U≥2 =38 .

fh21≥f /0,7=800/1,7=1,14 ; 21, fh21 =1,5 ; h21 =20÷100; U =40 ; I =50 ; I =50 .

2. R1, R2, R3. V2 t =+50.

;

, R2 =390 .

 

R1 : R1=(2÷4)R2 =(2÷4)390=780÷1560 , R1 =1 .

, R3 =56

 

3. R R. R





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