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. 1.10.

) = {4, 5, 6}, ={2,4, 6}.

B ={2,4, 5,6}.

) - , 2, - , 3:

A = {2,4,6,...}, B={3,6,9,...}.

A B , 2 3:

= {2, 3,4, 6, 8, 9,10,...}.

\ , , :

, -, (.. 2- ), -, , ..:

\Y = Y\X. .

1.11.

) A = {4, 5, 6}, ={2,4, 6}.

\ = {4,5}, \= {2}.

6) X={a,b,d},Y={b,d,e,h}.

X\Y={a}.

Y\X=\e,h}.

+ :

A+B = (A\B) (B\A).

( 1.4).

1.12.

) A = {4,5,6},B={2,4,6}.

\={4,5},\= {2}, + = {2,4,5}.

) ={, b, d), Y={b, d, e, h},X+ = {, , h).

U .

U, A: A=U\A.

1.13.

- . U - - .

.

. . ,

( ), ( \ ) + - .

1. - .

2. -

3. ,

4. . .

) ( );

) ( ).

5. .

6. .

.

1.19.

= {3, 6,..., 3n,...} , .. - , N.

.

1.20.

= {, 1,..., n,...} , = {0, 1,..., -n,...} ,

= A B ={..., -n,...- 2, -1,0,1,2,..., ,...} .

, .. p/q, q , .

= {1 2,...} = {b 1 b 2,...} - , = {(a k, b ), k =1,2,...; n = 1,2,...} .

1.21.

( k ) - (qk, bn). , .





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