.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


1




 

 

 

 

681/31(075.8)

 

: . 720 . , ... ..

 

. ., ..

/ . , .. : . .

_______ . 2012. 330 .: . 132

 

 

, , .

, .

, , , .

 

 

.. , ..


 


...... 10

 

 

... 14

1.1 . ........................................................................................... 15

1.2 ................................................................. 23

.................................. 24

 

......... 25

2.1 .......................................... 25

2.2 ......................................... 31

2.2.1 ............................................. 32

2.2.2 ........................................................ 39

2.2.3 ................................. 40

2.3 ............................................. 42

2.3.1 ........... 42

2.3.2 ............................. 44

2.3.3 ... 46

2.3.4 ................................ 46

2.3.5 ........................... 47

2.4 ............ 50

2.5 ...................................... 55

.................................. 58

 

. ..... 60

3.1 ............. 60

3.1.1 ................................................................................ 60

3.1.2 .............................................................. 64

3.1.3


................................................................................. 67

3.2 .......................................... 69

3.3 ........ 73

3.3.1 ...... 73

3.3.2 -.............................. 76

3.4 ..................................... 79

3.5 .................... 83

3.6 , - -....................................................... 85

3.7 . 88

....................................... 91

 

........... 93

4.1 ........... 93

4.2 ....................................................... 97

4.3 ............................................... 103

4.4 ....................................... 107

4.5 ..................... 108

4.6 ........................ 111

...................................... 115

 

........117

5.1 .................................................. 117

5.2 ................................... 120

5.2.1 ................. 120

5.2.2 ................................... 126

5.3 (SMP)

.................................................................................... 128

5.4 - (MPP)........... 129

5.5 - ........................ 133

5.6 .................................................. 139

5.7 Grid...................................................................................... 144

................................. 145

... 147

6.1 ..... 147


6.2 ............................................................................................ 149

6.2.1 . 149

6.2.2 ......... 150

6.3 ...... 154

6.4 ... 156

.... 158

.. 160

7.1 ...... 160

7.2 ......... 162

7.3 ..... 163

7.4 , ...... 164

7.5 .... 174

7.6 .. 178

7.7 ...... 183

7.7.1 .................... 184

7.7.2 ................................... 187

7.7.3

............................. 190

7.8 ..... 194

7.8.1 . 196

7.8.2 ....... 198

7.9 ........ 200

..................................... 201

 

.... 204

 

8.1 ...... 204

8.2 ........ 207

8.3 ...... 212

8.4 ............................................................................................. 216

8.4.1 Ethernet................. 216

8.4.2 Tokin Ring ... 219

8.4.3 FDDI..... 223

8.4.4 Ethernet Fast Ethernet

100VG-AnyLAN........................ 226

8.4.5 Gigabit Ethernet............................................................................................. 230


8.5 ..... 232

..................................... 235

 

........ 237

9.1 ............................................ 237

9.2 ......... 239

9.3 Internet.................................................................. 241

9.4 OSI............. 244

9.5 ..................... 247

9.6 ............................................................... 250

9.6.1 ............................ 250

9.6.2 ................................. 253

..................................... 254

............................... 256

 

10.1 ........................ 256

10.1.1 ..................................................... 257

10.1.2 ..................................................... 259

10.1.3 ............. 260

10.2 ......... 262

10.2.1 ................................................................ 262

10.2.2 .......... 263

10.2.3 ................................................... 268

10.2.4 ....................................... 270

10.3 273

10.3.1 .......................................... 274

10.3.2 .......................... 276

10.4 .................... 279

10.4.1 ....... 280

10.4.2 ........................................ 282

10.4.3 ......................................... 285

10.4.4 ................................. 287

10.4.5 ............................ 288

10.5 ...... 290

10.5.1 ............... 290

10.5.2

............................................................................. 290

..................................... 294


 

........ 296

11.1 .................................... 296

11.2 ........................ 298

11.3 ............................................................ 305

.................................... 308

 

. 310

........................................................................ 312

..................................................... 313


Vestigia simper adora

 

 

 


, , - . , , . , ( ) , , , . , , . , . , .

. , , , , . : , . , , , , . , .

, , , . , . , , .

.


, , , , . . 5 6 , . , , , . . , , , , , - , , , , , , . .

() , . , , , , , .. , , .

, . , , , , , , .

, , , , . , ( - ) .

, - , . , , . , - ,


, , ,

, , , . , .

, , , , . . . .

. . , .

, . - , , , . . , , , , , . .

, , , , -, , , , . , , , . , , , .

.

, , . , , , . , .

. , . , , , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , , () .

!


 

 

 

(architecture) ( ) . (, ) , .

(logical structure) .

(physical structure) .

(programm structure) .

(computing architecture) , , , , , .

, , , (), . . , .

, :

- , () ;

- , ;

- ( ) , .

.

 

1.1 .

 

, , , . , , , , , , , - . , (), , , . , :

- , ;

- (, , );

- () , , ;

- .

, , , . - . , - () , . , , , . .

, -, - - , -, , , - , .

, .

, .

, , , , , , . - . - . , , , . , , .

. 1960- , , .

1.1, , ( ) , , ( ). . . , , , . , . , , .





:


: 2016-11-12; !; : 565 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1712 - | 1710 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.065 .