() , , , .
, , . CP/M, MS DOS, OS/2 Warp (IBM), Windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP (Microsoft).
. , , , , .. , , .
, . , , .. .
MS DOS :
;
, ;
AZ, 09 : - (), _ (), @, %, (,), ', =,!, #;
: AUX, CON, PRN, NUL, COM1, COM2, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3.
7.1. :
basic.exe
prod.pas
prim.txt
, . , , 7.1, , prod.pas .
, , . MS DOS :
| 7.1. () | |
| arj | , ARJ |
| asm | |
| bak | |
| bat | |
| bin | () |
| com | |
| doc | |
| dbf | dBase, Clipper |
| exe | , , |
| for | |
| inf | |
| ini | |
| obj | |
| pas | |
| sys |
|
|
|
, . , exe, com bat. , , , (, , , ..).
( ), * ?. * , ? .
7.2. :
| *.txt | - txt; |
| a*.exe | - exe, ; |
| pr*.pas | - pas, pr ( ); |
| *.* | - ; |
| prim.* | - prim; |
| uv?.* | - , (uv), . |
, , MS DOS DIR, . , , . , C:>DIR *.com C com, C:>DIR prim.* - prim.
, (), (:, :, : ..) , :
A:razd.txt;
C:number.dat;
C:\DOS\SYS\format.exe.
- . ( ) . . 7.1.
:\ DOS\ format.exe
...
undelete.exe
NU\ nu.exe
...
nu.hlp
config.sys
...
autoexec.bat
. 7.1.
, MS DOS (, Norton Commander) . , . PROMPT autoexec.bat.
, , . ( ). -, , .
FAT (File Allocation Table), (root) . ( ), , , , . . . 7.2 :
|
|
|
| File Allocation Table (FAT) |
| , , |
| Compressed Volume File (CVF) |
. 7.2.
. , . . , (C:, D:, E:,) , , .
: , , .. . MS DOS FAT. FAT , (), . , , . FAT ( ) .
. , . "" . .
. , . 512 .
FAT , , .
, , , . . . . , , , "." "..". FAT . , . , .
32 . :
(8 MS DOS 255 Windows, Windows 95 ; );
(3 );
(1 ; : 0 , 1 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 );
(10 );
"" (2 ; , : 2048+ 32+/2);
|
|
|
"" (2 ; , : (-1980)512+ 32+; 1980 2099 );
(2 ; FAT);
(4 ).
