2.1
2 :
1. Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.
2. .
3. .
4. ,
5.
6.
7. , .
8. ,
9.
10. : .
I. , .
Who are managers and what do they do? The titles and responsibilities of managers are innumerable, depending on their qualifications as well as the nature and size of the organizations in which they work. By definition, a manager is a person who deals with planning, organizing, directing and controlling an organizations human and physical resource to achieve its stated goals. In this role, a manager works with other people and must coordinate their efforts.
Large organizations classify managers as a part of top management, middle management or lower management. The amount of authority and decision-making responsibilities decrease as we move from higher to lower management levels.
The structure and direction of an organization depend on its management process.
A successful financial performance will be highly dependent on the capability of management. A company will succeed if through the combination of motivation and opportunity it obtains the cooperation of specialists who make decisions concerning the production.
2. .
: pocket money
Investment tasks ()
3. . .
: The manager usually looks through the papers in the morning.
The manage looks through
Looks through the Present Indefinite active.
4. management ,
5. .
1. What do the titles and responsibilities of a manager depend on?
2. What kind of a specialist is a manager?
3. How do large organizations classify managers?
4. What will a successful financial performance of an organization be highly dependent on?
5. What does the amount of authority and decision-making responsibilities depend on?
6. , .
1. The President of the company said he would joint the delegation of the conference.
2. He said the specialists were discussing the project.
3. She explained that they had given the company a discount.
4. They said they were ready to discuss the prices for their goods.
7. . ,
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1. The English used since the 15th century is called modern English.
2. They came up to a man standing at the comer and asked him the way to the plant
3. The progress made by this specialist surprised the administration of the company.
4. The airship built by Zeppelin was lighter than air.
8. 5 .
This envelope is made of special material that is smooth, non-stick and transparent for easy identification.
9. .
2.2
1. :
Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world: for every person employed in agriculture, twelve are employed in industry. Most of the gross national product comes from manufacturing (iron and steel, engineering, textiles, chemicals, food products and consumer goods), mining and quarrying, construction and public utilities.
There are significant amounts of coal, small deposits of iron, limestone, black tin and gravel. With the discovery and exploitation of oil and natural gas from under the North Sea, the country has become self-sufficient in energy.
In industrial production the heavy industry occupies the leading place. From 20 to 25 million tons of steel, 14-15 million tons of pig-iron, more than 2 million motor vehicles, and 230, 000 tractors are produced every year. Britain has large shipbuilding, electro-engineering, oil and chemical industries. It is one of the worlds most important manufacturers of aircraft, complete aircraft and, above all, engines (Rolls-Royce and other companies).
There have been considerable changes in the industrial structure since mid-century. By the mid-1970s the newer industries (electrical and electronics manufacturing, petroleum products and others) were producing a much larger share of the total industrial output.
2. c.
Economic strength; a highly industrialized country; employed in agriculture; the gross national product; engineering industry; consumer goods; deposits of iron ore; heavy and light industries.
3. .
: The catalogues were studied by our manager. Were studied to study Past Indefinite Passive.
1. In industrial production the heavy industry occupies the leading place.
2. When was the contract signed?
3. The management of the company is the Board of Directors.
4. Many business contacts were established by our company last year.
5. The equipment will not be shown next week because it is not ready for tests.
4. 1 . , Participle II , .
5. :
Traditional; economic; highly; construction; development; industry; industrial; structure; unable; special; payment; exporter; imported; unemployed.
6. , .
1. They said they had arranged an exhibition of their goods.
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2. He explained that the terms of delivery were being discussed.
3. We learnt that Great Britain was a member of the Common Market.
4. She said the Britains economy would be dependent on imported raw materials.
7. 7 .
8. .
2.3
2 :
1. : , , ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. 2- , ;
8. , ;
9. : .
1. :
Foreign Trade.
Traditionally Britain has had to trade to live. But World War II strained the British economy to the utmost. Moreover, by the middle of the 1970s she had lost almost all her colonial markets, and her share of the world trade had dropped considerably.
1. Still it remains one of the five largest trading nations.
By the beginning of the 1980s Britain accounted for about 6 per cent of world trade.
2. It takes in huge quantities of primary products but sends out mainly manufactured goods.
3. Although the expansion of domestic agricultural production has greatly reduced Britains dependence on imported food supplies, it is far from self-sufficient.
4. Britains economy is wholly dependent on imported raw materials. Without imported raw materials its industry would come to a standstill. It is, in turn, one of the largest exporters of aircraft, motor vehicles, electrical equipment, chemicals and many types of machinery. Today exports have risen to twice their mid-century volume and have changed in composition -with metals, machinery and vehicles making up half the total and in geographical distribution toward the Common Market countries.
Export or die is the slogan which spurs on the industry, and one of the members of Cabinet of Ministers is to watch over the state of the economy and the nations foreign trade.
2. :
1) agriculture; 2) to be accounted for; 3) the share of the world trade; 4) huge quantities;
5) manufactured goods; 6) raw materials; 7) motor vehicles; 8) to watch over; 9) mentioned above; 10) the national debt; 11) to lag behind.
3. .
: The catalogues were studied by our manager.
Were studied the Past Indefinite Passive.
1. In industrial production the heavy industry occupies the leading place.
2. Mining has declined in importance.
3. Great Britain is a member of the Common Market.
4. English is associated with technological and economic development of the great manufacturing countries.
5. Some 2. 5 per cent of Britains employed labour force is engaged in agriculture.
4. ( )
5. : Produced; leading; domestic; helpless; considerably; production; national; nation; unsatisfactory; employed; agriculture; colonial; largest; trading; equipment.
6. , .
1. said they had sighed the contract.
2. The secretary explained that the documents were being typed.
3. We said that the country would import raw materials and manufactured goods.
4. She explained Britain was able to produce nearly two thirds of its own food.
5. We read that in industrial production the British heavy industry occupied the leading place.
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7. 7 .
8. .
2.4
2 :
1.
2. .
3. .
4.
5. ;
6. .
7. , .
8. .
9. .
10. : .
1. , ,
Who are managers and what do they do? The titles and responsibilities of managers are innumerable, depending on their qualifications as well as the nature and size of die organizations in which they work. By definition, a manager is a person who deals with planning, organizing, directing and controlling an organizations human and physical resource to achieve its stated goals. In this role, a manager works with other people and must coordinate their efforts.
Large organizations classify managers as a part of top management, middle management or lower management. The amount of authority and decision-making responsibilities decrease as we move from higher to lower management levels.
The structure and direction of an organization depend on its management process.
A successful financial performance will be highly dependent on the capability of management. A company will succeed if through the combination of motivation and opportunity it obtains the cooperation of specialists who make decisions concerning the production.
2. c .
: finance problems
3. . .
: The contract will be signed on Monday.
The contract will be signed- the Future Indefinite passive
4. management ,
5. .
1. What do the titles and responsibilities of manager depend on?
2. What kind of a specialist is a manager?
3. How do large organizations classify managers?
4. What will a successful financial performance of an organization be highly dependent on?
5. What does the amount of authority and decision-making responsibilities depend on?
6. , .
1. The President of the company said he would joint the delegation of the conference.
2. He said the specialists were discussing the project.
3. She explained that they had given the company a discount.
4. They said they were ready to discuss the prices for their goods.
7. . .
1. The English used since the 15th century is called modern English.
2. They came up to a man standing at the comer and asked him the way to the plant
3. The progress made by this specialist surprised the administration of the company.
4. The airship built by Zeppelin was lighter than air.
8. 5 .
This envelope is made of special material that is smooth, non-stick and transparent for easy identification.
9. .
2.5
2 :
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1. Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. ;
6. ;
7. ;
8. ;
9. , ;
10. .
1. , .
Today small businesses are the heart of the market economy. People become owners of small business firms in one of three ways: start a new firm, buy a franchise, buy or inherit an existing firm.
Small firms have been established to manufacture and distribute goods, to sell them at retail, and, of course, to provide all kinds of needed services. In recent years there has been a great increase in the export of services, such as management consulting, medical and technological services.
The existence of a strong, healthy small business community has always been recognized as the best way to preserve competition, present monopolistic control of any industries, and thus assure the population through better prices and quality products.
Numerous definitions of the term small business exist. A small business is one which is independently owned and operated and not dominant in this field of operation. There are four characteristics of a small business: 1) management of the firm is independent. Usually the managers are also the owners;
2) capital is supplied and the ownership is held by an individual or a small group; 3) the area of the operation is mainly local;
4) the relative size of the firm within its industry must be small when compared with the biggest units in its field. It is necessary to keep records of a business for tax purposes and as measure of growth. Some business operations are subject to review by local, state, and federal authorities. These reviews insure that rules and regulations are being obeyed and maintained.
2. , .
: market competition
3. .
4. , .
1) My friend said he would study Management at the college.
2) He said that he knew how to count money.
3) The manager said that the accountant had been interested in the financial results.
4) The bookkeeper explained that she was working with her documents.
2.6
2 :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
Task 1. Open the brackets and write each sentence three times making conditionals of I, II, and III types. Translate the sentences into Russian.
Example: If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you are free, I shall come to see you. If you were free, I should come to see you. If you had been free, I should have come to see you.
1) If the company (to issue) new stocks, it (to he possible) to replace the obsolete equipment.
2) If governments (to reduce) restrictions and tariffs, it (to promote) the expansion of world trade.
Task 2. Supply the necessary forms for the verbs given in brackets in the following Conditional sentences. Indicate the type of the Conditional sentence (I, II, III). Translate the sentences into Russian.
1) If a companys financial health (to be) good and its assets sufficient, it will raise capital.
2) Advertising (to work) for a small firm and for a corporation, if you use it correctly.
3) If a free migration between countries (to be allowed), people from poor countries will be able to go elsewhere looking for higher incomes.
Task 3. Underline the predicate in the following sentences, indicate its Tense and Voice.
Translate thesentences into Russian.
1) The command economy does not let and individual make free economic decisions.
2) In many less developed countries, most food has been found to be produced within the family.
3) We cannot change the terms of payment which were agreed upon during the negotiations.
