1
1. A: Did you have a good evening?
B: Yes, thank you. We (go) to see a play.
2. A: Cats (wash) themselves.
B: I know. They are very clean animals.
3 A: Why are you so dirty?
B: I (work) in the garden all morning.
4 A: I want to phone Jane.
B: Well, don't phone her now. She (study).
5 A: You look busy.
B: lam. I (write) a letter to my brother.
6 A: I would like a new bicycle.
B: Me too. My parents (buy) me one for Christmas.
7 A: What time are the guests arriving?
B: They (be) here in ten minutes.
8 A: Are you excited about your trip?
B: Yes. This time next week, I (sail) across the Atlantic.
9 A: I'm going to the supermarket.
B: You'd better be quick, then. It (close) at eight o'clock.
10 A: You sounded tired when I spoke to you last night.
B: Well, I (paint) the house all day.
11 A: What (you/do) when I called?
B: I (water) the plants.
12. A: Have you sent those letters yet?
B: Yes. I (post) them yesterday.
13. A: Are there any biscuits left?
B: No, sorry. I (eat) them all.
14. A: Why was Julie crying this morning?
B: Because she (hurt) her leg.
15. A: Paul is going to collect us at ten o'clock.
B: Yes. By the time he arrives, we (have) breakfast.
16. A: Do you enjoy playing tennis?
B: Oh, yes. I (play) since I was six years old.
17 A: Have you been working here long?
B: Yes. By next June, I (work) here for ten years.
18 A: It's nine o'clock.
B: Yes. The postman (deliver) Mum's parcel by now.
19 A: I liked your speech.
B: Thank you. I (practise) for hours before I made it.
20 A: Did Martin help you clean the house yesterday?
B: No. By the time he got up, I (do) everything
2
1. She (to learn) French for five years before she could speak fluently.
2. He (to repair) his car now. I guess he (to do) this since the very morning.
3. The students (to read) up for their exams for more than three hours by the time we join them.
4. Since when you (to sit) here? How long you (to write)? - I (to wait) for you since the lessons were finished.
5. Mike (to work) in the insurance company. Next month he (to work) there for half a year.
6. She (to walk) in the park since morning. It's time to have dinner, but she (not to come) yet.
7. I (to save) money for 2 years already. By next winter I (to have) the necessary sum of money.
8. How long you (to know) this girl? - I (to know) her since school.
9. They (to experiment) for a year before they achieved some promising results.
10. What's the weather like in Murmansk now? - It (to snow) heavily. It (to snow) since Monday.
11. Jim (to study) history. Next year he (to study) history for five years.
12. What you (to do) the whole evening yesterday? I (to prepare) for exam. I (to prepare) for it for two hours when you called.
3. .
1. ? - . .
2. ? , .
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3. ? ? - .
4. , .
5. , . , -.
6. ? - . ? - .
7. ? - . ? 1985 .
8. ? - . , .
9. ? - . , .
10. , .
11. , .
12. ? .
Passive Voice
(Voice) - , , , . - .
() (Active Voice) , , , , .
She is listening to her favourite song.
My parents travel a lot.
We didn't catch any fish yesterday.
() (Passive Voice) . , , , .
Her two brothers were killed in the war.
The letter has been sent this morning.
be :
the Present Simple - is (am, are) done
the Past Simple - was (were) done
the Future Simple - will (shall) be done
the Present Perfect - has (have) been- done
the Past Perfect - had been done
the Future Perfect - will (shall) have been done
the Future in the Past - would be done
the Present Progressive - is (tan, are) being done
the Past Progressive - was (were) being done
, Future Progressive, Future Progressive in the Past Perfect Progressive.
.
Was it done? When was it done?
How has the work been done?
Who will the work be done by?
not .
The work was not done yesterday.
The fax has not been sent.
The fax won't be sent today.
The question is not being discussed now.
, , , , :
1. - . : to tell, to give, to offer, to show, to pay, to promise, to send, to teach, to allow, to ash, to answer, to forgive, to invite, to advise. . A very good job was offered to me. = I was offered a very good job. He was promised a raise in the salary. = A raise in the salary was promised to him.
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2. , . .
Active: We sent for the doctor. - Passive: The doctor was sent for.
This film is much spoken about. .
The books were looked for everywhere, but weren't found. , .
You are being made fun of. .
Why is he always laughed at? ?
This dictionary is often referred to. .
!
look at - ()
look for -
look after - ,
look through -
listen to -
speak about - ()
take care of -
pay attention to - ()
rely on - , ()
3. to explain (something to somebody), to point out, to announce, to dictate, to describe, to mention, to repeat, to suggest, to propose .
The decision was announced to us.
The difficulty was explained to her.
A new plan was suggested to us.
to read, to sell, to wash, to clean, topeel, to crease, to break, to deform, to wear, to burn , .
This dress washes and wears well and doesn't crease.
Love stories sell well. Dry leaves burn well.
, to have, to chance, to happen, to seem, to appear, to lack, to become, to fit, to suit, to resemble , ( ), .
This house lacks a big kitchen.
John resembles his father.
He has become a real professional.
of, from, with, by.
I was interrupted by a loud knock on the door.
He was shot with a gun.
My country house is made of wood.
This pie is made from eggs, milk and flour.
Indefinite Passive
Indefinite :
to be + Participle II
to be , :
| Present Indefinite Passive | am, is, are + Participle II |
| Past Indefinite Passive | was, were + Participle II |
| Future Indefinite Passive | shall be, will be + Participle II |
Passive Voice :
1. + ( ):
The letter was sent yesterday. .
2. - (-):
This problem was discussed last week. .
3. - , .. 3 , , :
English is spoken in many countries. .
4. ( ):
The case was considered by the city court last week.
.
:
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Spanish isnt taught at our university. .
The students werent asked at the last lesson. .
Our colleague wont be sent abroad. .
1. :
Is German taught at your university? Will she be sent abroad?
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2. :
When was this letter sent? Who was this letter written by?
3. :
Who was asked at the last lesson? How many letters were sent yesterday?
4. :
Was this letter sent yesterday or the day before yesterday?
5. :
The students are usually given the textbooks, arent they?
She was told to leave, wasnt she?
This film wont be shown on TV, will it?
6. :
Werent you asked to tell the truth? Isnt she paid for this work?
. by , , . with , , :
The word was written on the blackboard by the teacher. .
The letter was written with a pencil. .
: Who was the word written by? What was the letter written with?
Exercises
1. , .
To write, to give, to become, to find, to teach, to hear, to see, to speak, to read, to send, to take, to think, to know, to learn, to eat, to leave, to get, to go, to show, to make
2. , .
1. Pictures are usually looked at from a distance. 2. The child is very well looked after. 3. Some years ago the book was much spoken of/about. 4. I think this film will be spoken of/about. 5. Where are the flowers I wonder? They were sent for 2 hours ago! 6. The test must be written without a dictionary. 7. The article was referred to in some reports at the conference. 8. He never broke a promise in his life, he can always be relied on. 9. The date of the meeting will be agreed upon later. 10. Her textbook is highly spoken of.
3. : Present, Past or Future Indefinite Passive.
1. Tea (grow) in China and India.
2. Gravity (discover) by Isaac Newton.
3. Exams usually (take) at the end of each term.
4. Test (write) at the next lesson.
5. St. Pauls Cathedral (design) by Sir Christopher Wren.
6. New theory (prove) several days ago.
7. Garlic (use) widely as a medicine.
8. She (send) abroad next month.
9. Bills usually (pay) once a month.
10. Sooner or later this plan (agree) upon.
4. .
Example 1: People speak English all over the world. English is spoken by people all over the world.
Example 2: Beethoven composed this piece. This piece was composed by Beethoven.
Example 3: They will send for a doctor immediately. A doctor will be sent for by them immediately.
1. They teach different technical subjects at our university.
2. My parents gave a party in his honour.
3. She will show her new flat tomorrow.
4. The children always listen to his stories with great pleasure.
5. My friend will tell you the news later.
6. He didnt take any notice of her.
7. Students write examination-papers at the end of the term.
8. All people laughed at him.
9. They make progress every day in the world of science.
10. The teacher wont ask me at the next lesson.
11. The teacher didnt allow the students to use a dictionary.
12. Did he speak about the trip last night?
13. When do you usually take examinations?
5. , ( ).
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1. The books were taken by John. John took the books.
2. The boxes were mailed yesterday. He mailed the boxes yesterday.
3. The two packages were opened by my secretary.
4. Our homework is corrected by our teacher.
5. Your textbook was found the day before yesterday.
6. That room wasn't cleaned carefully yesterday.
7. The test will be written by the students tomorrow.
8. Was that machine checked by the inspector?
9. Will that report be written by the same committee?
10. The mail is delivered to this office twice a day.
11. All of us were surprised by his frank attitude.
12. Was the repair work done by that mechanic?
13. He wasn't very much respected by the employees.
14. Grammar is always paid much attention to.
6. , .
1. Our university was founded in 1950. (When)
2. He will be asked at the next lesson, because he missed all the lectures. (Why)
3. Each faculty is headed by a dean. (Who)
4. Different technical subjects are taught at our university. (What)
5. Your article will be published next week. (When)
6. Fifty students were admitted to the faculty last August. (How many)
7. Tickets to the theatre are usually booked in advance. (How)
8. My documents are kept in the safe. (Whose)
9. Special attention was paid to this phenomenon. (What)
10. Your children will be taken care of in our camp. (Where)
7. , .
1. .
2. .
3. ?
4. .
5. ?
6. .
7. ?
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. ?
12. , .
13. . .
Continuous Passive
Continuous:
to be ( Present Past Continuous) + Participle II
| Present Continuous Passive | am being, are being, is being + Participle II |
| Past Continuous Passive | was being, were being + Participle II |
The documents are being typed at the moment.
are being typed Present Continuous Passive
.
These problems were being discussed by scientists for many months.
were being discussed Past Continuous Passive
.
Future Continuous Passive Voice , Future Indefinite Passive.
Present Past Continuous Passive Voice , Active Voice.
Exercises
1. .
1. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 2. The professor is examining our group. 3. The tourists were taking pictures of the Westminster Abbey, while the guide was telling the story. 4. The students are writing a test now. 5. Was he deleting your files when I saw him? 6. What scientist are you talking about? 7. At this moment she is showing our house to the new clients. 8. We were looking at the man with great surprise.
2. : Continuous Active Continuous Passive.
1. Listen! The teacher (to explain) a new rule.
2. What you (to do) the whole evening yesterday? I (to prepare) for the seminar on philosophy.
3. A new safety system (to install) now by our engineers.
4. Tomorrow from 9 till 2 the students (to take) exam in English.
5. Test-paper on Mathematics (to write) by the students when the dean entered the classroom.
6. The article (translate) into Russian now, it will be published soon.
7. What you (do) here? I (look for) my textbook.
8. Listen! My favourite song (perform).
9. Why didnt you come yesterday? I was busy, I (prepare) for exam in maths.
10. When I saw the car, it (drive) at over fifty miles an hour.
11. I wont be at home at this time; I (walk) my dog in the park.
12. Have they found the lost child? No, he still (look for).
3. :
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- Present Indefinite Passive Present ontinuous Passive?
1. Where are your friends? They (show) around the city. 2. Many accidents (cause) by dangerous driving. 3. The witness (question) by the police inspector now. 4. The old motor-way (use) by many people, but its not very convenient, thats why a new ring-road (build) in the city. 5. Beautiful furniture (make) at this factory. 6. Young people (give) a lot of advice by their parents. 7. You cant use the printer now, it (fix). 8. Dinner usually (serve) at 1 a.m. 9. Wait a little! Dinner still (cook). 10. What are you doing here in the hall? My room (clean). 11. This book often (refer to). 12. What question (discuss) at the moment? 13. He is such a nice chap. Why he so often (laugh at)?
- Past Indefinite Passive Past Continuous Passive?
1. The novel War and Peace (write) by Tolstoy. 2. When they entered the auction-hall, this painting (sell). 3. He couldnt go out as his suit and shirt (clean). 4. His friends (fine) for exceeding speed limit yesterday. 5. They (ask) many questions at the exam? 6. I didnt realize at that moment that I (follow). 7. When America (discover)? 8. Many buildings (destroy) during the Great Fire in London. 9. We werent allowed to enter the hall, because it (air). 10. Our test-papers still (check), when we came two hours later. 11. When I entered the classroom, student Popov (examine). 12. The letter to their company (send) by fax an hour ago. 13. What film (demonstrate) in the lecture room now?
4. , Continuous Active Passive Voice.
1. ? .
2. .
3. , .
4. .
5. ?
6. ! .
7. , .
8. ? .
9. , .
10. ? , .
Perfect Passive
Perfect:
to have ( Present, Past Future Perfect) + Participle II
He has been asked at todays seminar.
has been asked Present Perfect Passive
.
The problem had been discussed when (by the time) he left the meeting.
had been discussed Past Perfect Passive
() , ( , ) .
The plan will have been worked out by the end of the week.
will have been worked out Future Perfect Passive
.
Present, Past, Future Perfect Passive Voice , Active Voice.
Exercises
1. .
1) The jumper (is / has been) washed several times, and it (wasn't /hasn't) shrunk.
2) Nylon (has / has been) produced since 1938 and today it (is / is being) found in many things.
3) The Houses of Parliament (were / have been) built between 1840 and 1857.
4) Scientists hope that a cure for cancer will soon (be / have been) found.
5) Each Concord (was / had been) built at a cost of 55 million pounds.
6) Boss says I will (be / have been) given a pay-rise next month.
7) By next year, everybody in the company will (be / have been) given a pay-rise.
8) She will (be / have been) informed about the results of the research as soon as it (is / will be) finished.
9) Wait for a while. He (is / is being) interviewed now.
2. : What do you think will have been done at our university (in our city) by 2020? to build, to create, to change, to reconstruct, to open, to close, to enlarge .
2. : Perfect Active Perfect Passive.
1. Why doesnt she attend the seminars? She (to be) ill for three weeks.
2. Hurry up! The lesson (to begin) by the time we come.
3. This letter (to write) by you yet? Yes, I (to send) it already.
4. He told me he already (to finish) translating the text.
5. By next summer the swimming pool (to build) in this district.
6. Everything (to do) before the guests arrived.
7. Our son (to enter) the university this year.
8. The article (translate) by the end of the next week.
9. They received good results after they (to work) with this type of equipment.
10. How many phone calls you (to make) today? I (to make) twenty phone calls by 3 p.m.
11. Two new engineers just (introduce) to the head of the department.
12. They told me that the new student much (speak) about.
3. , Perfect Active Passive Voice.
1. .
2. ? , 5 .
3. - ? , .
4. , .
5. 1998 .
6. , .
7. , .
8. .
9. , .
10. .
11. ? , , .
12. , .
to be ( ) + 3- (Past Participle)
| Simple | Progressive | Perfect | |||||||
| Present | I He We | am is are | asked | I He We | am is are | being asked | I He We | have has have | been asked |
| Past | I He We | was were | asked | I He We | was was were | being asked | I He We | had | been asked |
| Future | I He We | shall (will) will shall (will) | be asked | ___________ | I He We | shall (will) will shall (will) | have been asked | ||
| Future in the Past | I He We | would | be asked | ____________ | I He We | would | have been asked |
Perfect Progressive .
