6)1. In recent years combined geophysical... by air has been used on a wide scale.
2. In modern... automation is being used in recording the field measurements.
Unit 7_____________________________________________ 171
3. Now the... need only to set up the instrument in the field
and it will do all recordings automatically.
4. Laser is being used by mine... now.
5. Underground working can be... by modern methods.
Store stored storing
) Earth is not entirely without energy resources of its own. There is a large amount of heat energy... in its molten interior. There is also both kinetic and potential energy... in the Earth-Moon-Sun system. In addition, a relatively small amount of solar energy has been... in the carbon atoms of the fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). A potentially much larger energy reserve is... in the nuclei of the very light and the very heavy elements. Wind, ocean currents and the evaporation of water only temporarily... energy. It is known that there are different methods of... energy.... tidal energy has not provided much to the total energy supply yet.
,
) :
1. The geological investigations to be carried out include field
prospecting and exploration.
2. The geological and physical conditions of the seam to be
worked include its thickness, depth, hardness, etc.
3. The possibility of making direct observations in workings de
pends on the mining system to be applied.
4. The work of geologists at mines has its own specific character
and its own range of problems to be solved during the exploitation of
the deposit.
5. The main points to be observed during the driving of openings
are the mode of occurrence of the mineral body, country rocks
exposed by the openings, the type of fissuring and folding, etc.
6) * :
1. estimate a nickel ore the geologists must know how the
nickel is distributed.
2. Geochemical methods are applied at different stages of geo
logical investigations, and are used to establish the general mineral
ization of rocks.
3. To explore certain types of deposits geophysical methods have
long been used. In coal basins these methods are used chiefly to
study folded and faulted structures.
172_________________________________________ Unit 7
14. ,
1) , 2) 3)
. .
15. , :
prospecting from aircraft and helicopters; the choice of the method; both...
And; the search for new mineral deposits; ground and aerial methods of prospect-Ing; to be recognized easily; to depend on the type of the deposit; to be widely used; natural conditions; to crop out
1.
.
|
|
|
2.
() , .
3. ,
.
.
4. ,
.
5.
.
16.
. :
It seems to be wrong; on the contrary; to my mind; In my opinion; as far as I know; as Is known; I'd like to say that
1. Prospecting and proving (exploration) do not differ at all.
2. The knowledge of the type of ground of the prospecting area is
quite enough to find this or that mineral deposit.
3. Coal seams are always found in crystalline (igneous) rocks
while veins occur in sedimentary formations.
4. At present great consideration is given to surface (ground) and
mineralogical methods of prospecting.
17. ,
.
18. . ,
.
A.: What method of prospecting do you think to be the most
effective?
.: I suppose... because... but I think not only this method...
A.: I agree with you, but it is necessary to say that...
.: I see. And what's your opinion on...
A.:......
.:......
Unit 7 173
:
is said
| was reported is known is reported is believed is expected |
( )
| + |
+
( )
is considered
______ was thought
. (is said, is known .) - . . , .., , .
to seem/to appear , to prove , to happen likely , unlikely , sure :
is considered to be one ( )
of the best specialists -
in this field. .
is thought to have been ,
killed in an air crash. .
The method appears to be -,
effective. .
:
( )
+
( ) ( to
)
174_________________________________________ Unit 7
Specialists consider open-cast ,
mining to be promising. -
.
, , , .
|
|
|
to want/would like , know , think/believe/consider , , expect :
She didn't want me ,
to leave her. .
I thought him to be
my best friend. (
).
, , to (feel , hear , see , watch , notice , make .):
I didn't see him come in. (), .
They felt the earth move. , -
( ).
They made us pay for -
the dinner. (: We were .
made to pay for the dinner.)
19. :
i] dip, pit, sink, give, build, thick
i:] each, seam, need, steep, 'feature
e] length, trench, 'gentle, 'level, 'section
] 'current, 'country, e'nough, 'other, re'suit
o] cost, plot, a'long, 'crosscut
[a:] task, 'sample, 'sampling, part
[:] search, 'survey, 'surface, 'purpose
Unit 7
[aij strike, find, type, line, 'neither
fei] aid, vein, 'neighbour, de'tail, shape, case
[ou] slope, close, low, both
20. 1-2 , .
adit ['edit] ,
angle ['eggl]
approximate [a'proksunit]
[bit] ; , ; , ; carbide bit , ; diamond bit
borehole [':] ,
crosscut ['kroskAt]
dp [dip] (); , ; v
enable [I'neibl] v (-. )
exploit [iks'pblt] v (); ; exploitation ;
measure ['] ; ; ; ; ! , ; v
overburden [,ouva'ba:dan] , ; , ;
[pit] ; , ;
reliable [n'laiabl] ;
rig [] ,
; ;
sample ['sa:mpl] ; ; v ; ,
section ['sek/n] , , , , , , ; geological ~ ()
sequence ['siikwans] ; ;
sink [sink] (sank [senk], rank [sAnk]) v ( , ); ; ; ; sinking ['sinkig] ( ); shaft sinking
slope [sloup] ; ; ; ; v , ; sloping ; gently sloping
steep [sti:p] , ,
strike [straflc] . ; v ; across the strike ; along (on) the strike
trench [trentj] , ; ; v , ,
to make use (of) ,
to take Into consideration ; syn take Into account
21. ) -fy :
accurate, chief, ulfferont, easy, exact, geological, main, particular, practical, proper, slight
Unit 7
) ( ), . :
known unknown; differ different difference; found founder foundation; mean meaning means; difficult difficulty; extract extractive extraction; improve improvement
|
|
|
22. . :
preliminary exploration shape, dimensions and
quality of a deposit properties of the surrounding
rock and overburden analyses and tests of samples core drilling drilling rigs
to measure bed thickness to facilitate the planning
of current production to make use of exploratory
openings
general size of a deposit exact estimation of ore
reserves exploratory pits, crosscut and
boreholes reliable information on the
angle of dip to determine the industrial
importance of a deposit to take into consideration
detailed estimates of the
ore reserves of individual
sections
23.
:
the whole complex of investigations; industrial importance of a deposit; natural and economic conditions of the deposit; three stages of exploration; geological map of the deposit; detailed survey; information on the preliminary exploration; methods of exploration to be chosen in any particular case; surface relief; shape of the mineral deposit; vertical pits and crosscuts; special features in the search for veins; on the basis of analyses and tests of samples; reliable information on mineral reserves; different sectors of the deposit; exploitation exploration; mining operations; planning of current production and calculating the balance of reserves and ore mined
24. . ,
( )
.
