by Byron. The poem /s believed to have been written
By Byron.
1. People consider the climate there to be very healthy. 2. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the playwright is work-
378 .
(Complex Subject) 379
ing at a new comedy. 7. It is reported that the flood has caused much damage to the crops. 8.. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists consider that electricity exists throughout space. 11. It is said that the wea-ther in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle.
, Complex Subject, Active Voice:
To seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen
463
, .
1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-
odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.
464
, .
|
|
|
E.g. It appeared that they had lost the way. They appeared to have lost the way.
1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It turned out that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy.
380 .
(Complex Subject) 381
, Complex Subject:
is likely to win the prize. ,
.
is sure to come. .
465
, to be likely to, to be sure to.
1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr. Worthing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.
466
, .
1. , XVII . 2. , . 3. ,
. 4. , - . 5. , , . 6. , . 7. ? 8. , , . 9. . 10. - .
11. , - . , .
12. , , . 13. , . 14. , " VIII . 15. - . 16. , . 17. . 18. . 19. , , : , . 20. . 21. , , . 22. . 23. . 24. , . 25. , . 26. , , .
|
|
|
| . "I WISH" |
| : |
Ill
If the weather /s fine, we shall play outside.
If you ring me u&, I shall tell you something.
If the weather were fine, we should play outside.
If you rang me up, I should tell you something.
If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside.
If you had rung me up. I should have told you something.
, .
, - .
(; ), .
(, ), - .
(), .
(), - .
______ 383
467
, , I, II III .
E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you are free, I shall come to see you. If you were free, I should come to see you. If you had been free, I should have come to
see you. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. If I see her, I shall be glad. If I saw her, I should be glad. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.
1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
468
, :
a)
(II );
b) ( III ).
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to
.
wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be. obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?
469
I , . ( .)
| If I | live in the south, | I shall bathe every day. | |
| come home late, | go to bed at once. | ||
| live in the country, | often go to the wood. | ||
| go to the wood, | gather many mushrooms. | ||
| receive his letter, | be very happy. | ||
| fall ill, | go to the doctor. | ||
| find my book, | be very glad. | ||
| lose my money, | be very sorry. | ||
| see my friend, | ask his advice. |
470
II , . ( .)
| I wish | in the south | I should | bathe every day. |
| I were | at home in the country | go to bed. go to the wood. | |
| If I were | |||
| in the wood | gather many mushrooms. | ||
| at the camp | have a very good time. | ||
| a scientist | invent a time machine. | ||
| a composer | write beautiful music. | ||
| a poet | write beautiful poetry. | ||
| a writer | write interesting novels. | ||
| a spaceman | fly to other planets. | ||
| a sailor | sail to Africa. |
471
|
|
|
III , . ( .)
| I wish | translated the ar- | I should | found out all about |
| I had | ticle yesterday met you yesterday | have | this discovery, told you something. |
| If I had | |||
| read this new book | told you about it. | ||
| seen your brother | asked him to come | ||
| yesterday | to our place. | ||
| bought a diction- | translated the text. | ||
| ary | |||
| learned my lesson | got a good mark. | ||
| rung him up yes- | found out all about | ||
| terday | his illness. | ||
| gone to the library | got that book. | ||
| had more practice | won the game yes- | ||
| in chess | terday. | ||
| joined you in | caught a lot of fish. | ||
| fishing | |||
| had a ticket yes- | gone to the theatre | ||
| terday | with you. | ||
| asked you to help me | done the work well. | ||
| called at that shop | bought the book. | ||
| called on my friend | met interesting | ||
| yesterday | people. | ||
| won the champion- | been sent abroad. | ||
| ship | |||
| heard about it yes- | been pleased. | ||
| terday |
13 .
386 .
472
, .
1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.
473
, - .
1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-
|
|
|
er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.
474
, .
1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so
388.
389
much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.
475
, .
1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.
10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.
11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able
to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you
did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons,
would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish
your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas
ily settle this matter with him.
476
, .
1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much
better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had written the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.
477
, .
1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be cancelled. 2. If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework carefully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare
|
|
|
390 .
disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had remembered your address, they (to send) you a postcard. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.
478
, .
1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn't (wouldn't')1 have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday,
' "would" "should" II III . . Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate students: Unit 38 If I knew his number, I would phone him.
they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they (to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much. 13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or English or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would1 be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.
479
, .
1. I am sorry that you do not read English novels; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop working and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say that you want to know
1 . . 390.
392 .
languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you (to study) them.
480
.
1. is busy and does not come to see us. If... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If... 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If...
481
.
1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical
plant and the air around is very bad. If... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If...
482
, "I wish".
1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.
5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.
6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's
394.
party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.
483
, "I wish".
1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.
484
, "I wish".
E.g. It's a pity you are ill.
I wish you were not ill.
1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor
knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.
485
, "1 wish".
1. ) , , ) , .
2. ) , , ) , .
3. ) , , ) , .
4. ) , .
) , .
5. ) , ,
) , .
486
, "I wish".
1. , ! 2. . 3. !
4. , .
5. , . 6. , .
7. , .
8. , . 9. ,
396 .
. 10. ! 11. , . 12. . 13. , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , ! 17. , . 18. , . 19. , . 20. , . 21. , . 22. , .
// /// :
If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up. yesterday.
(// ), (/// ).
If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.
(/// ), (// ).
487
. .
1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled.
If... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If... 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If... 12. She won't try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If...
488
.
1. ! , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , , . 5. , . 6. , . . 7. , . , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. ,
398.
. , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , ? 14. , . , , . 15. , , .
489
.
1. , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. . , . 11. , . 12. , . 13. , . 14. . . , .
_____________________ CAN_____________________
- (, )
I can play the piano. I cannot swim.
() ( )
He can answer the He cannot understand,
question, () ( )
Can you sing? (?) Can you help me? (?)
I could not ski when I was little, ( ) She could not jump so high, ( )
490
.
1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have lunch with me? I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English well. 9. My broth-
400 .
er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk already. 13. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14. My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 16. His sister can cook very well. 17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till tomorrow morning? I can wait, but my toothache can't.
491
, can (could).
1. -. 2. -. 3. -? 4. . 5. ? 6. . 7. . 8. ? 9. , . 10. , ? 11. ? 12. . 13. . 14. ? 15. , ? , .
BE ABLE TO
CAN
is able to do it. (, ) was able to do it yesterday, () He will be able to do it tomorrow, () He has been able to swim since childhood.
( )
492
, to be able to.
1. . 2. ? 3. - , - . 4. , . 5. ? 6. , . 7. . 8. - ? 9. ? 10. , , .
493
, , . can (could) to be able to, .
1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 4. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it to me).
402 .
______________________ MAY______________________
()
You may take my pen. () You may not touch it. () May I come in? (?)
: Mother said that I might play.
(, )
( )
It may rain soon, ( , ) Be careful: you may fall, ( )
494
.
1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?
495
, may.
1. ? 2. , ? 3. ,
. 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. : , . 10. : . 11. : . 12. , , . 13. . 14. . 15. . . 16. , , , , , , . 17. , . 18. ? , , , .
BE ALLOWED TO
MAY
We are allowed to stay at home, ( ) We were allowed to stay at home, ( ) We shall be allowed to stay at home, ( )
496
, to be allowed to.
1. . 2. . 3. , 17 . 4. 90 . 5. . 6. . . 7. -
404 .
. 8. . 9. . 10. ? 11. , . 12. , . 13. , ? 14. ? 15. .
497
may (might) to be allowed to. to be allowed to , may (might) .
1. ... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy... leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I... get up for a few hours every day. 4.... I bring my sister to the party? 5. He asked if he... bring his sister to the party. 6. After they had finished their homework, the children... watch TV. 7. He... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother said that everybody... take part in the picnic. 9. If you pass your exams, you... go to the south. 10.... I borrow your car, please? 11. He asked if he... borrow my car. 12.... I have a look at your newspaper?
498
may can.
1.... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You... go when you have finished your compositions. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It...
be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had. 4. When... you come and see me? Let me see: I... not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I'll find time. Yes, you... expect me on Sunday about three o'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You... come in when you have taken off your boots. 6. Be careful: you... spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children... slide on the ice very well. 8. I don't think I... be here by eleven o'clock tomorrow, but I... be.
499
may can.
1.... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I... be able to help you. 3. I... not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I... stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes... get books there. 5. I... come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it... rain today. 7. Do you think you... do that? 8. I... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9.... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? It... be about six o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well... answer such a question.
500
may (might) can (could).
1.... you help me? 2. I... not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-
406 .
thing was wrong with the car: he... not start it. 4.-A fool... ask more questions than a wise man... answer. 5. She asked me if she... use my telephone. 6.... I use your pen? 7.... I find a pen on that table? 8. You... read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You... take this book: I don't need it. 10.... I help you? 11.... I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting... be endless, you know. 14.... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he... find in the rich university library.
MUST
You must respect your parents, () You must not go there, () Must I learn it by heart? (?)
( ) It must be cold outside, ( )
501
.
1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.
5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. Not important! You must be joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day.
502
, must.
1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. , , . 8. , , . 9. , . 10. . 11. , , . 12. . , , . 13. ? 14. . 15. . . . 16. . . 17. ? 18. , .
408 .
HAVE TO
MUST
| I have to go there. () I had to go there. () I shall have to go there. () |
I don't have to go there.
( )
I didn't have to go there.
( )
I shan't have to go there.
( )
______________________________ i
Do you have to go there? (?) Did you have to go there? (?) Will you have to go there? (?)
503
.
1. I have not written the composition. I shall have to write it on Sunday. 2. We did not have to buy biscuits because our granny had baked a delicious pie. 3. Will you have to get up early tomorrow? 4. I had to do a lot of homework yesterday. 5. She had to stay at home because she did not feel well. 6. Pete had to stay at home because it was very cold. 7. Mike had to write this exercise at school because he had not done it at home. 8. They had to call the doctor because the grandmother was ill. 9. Why did you have to stay at home yesterday? Because my parents were not at home and I had to look after my little sister. 10. It was Sunday yesterday, so he didn't have to be at work, but he had to do a lot at home. 11. I am sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I had to work late. 12. Why do you have to get up early tomorrow? 13. I had to go to the hospital to visit my aunt. 14. What did you have to learn by heart? At school, I had to learn a beautiful poem "Leisure" by William Henry Davies.
504
.
1. It is quite clear to everyboby in the family that he must start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask the chief to put off my report. 3. I don't mean that you must do everything they tell you. 4. It is already twenty minutes past eight. You must go or you will be late for the first lesson. 5.1 am very tired. I feel I must go to bed at once, or I shall fall asleep where I am sitting. 6. We can't wait for them any longer, we must ring them up and find out what has happened. 7. I am thinking hard, trying to find a solution of the problem. There must be a way out.
505
: . must , .
1. You must listen to the tape recording of this text several times. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. We can't meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine the child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. He can't join the party because he is busy.
410 .
506
, must to have to.
1. .
2. .
3. .
507
.
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
508
, may must.
1. What... we see on this map? 2.... you speak Spanish? No, unfortunately I.... 3. At what time... you come to school? 4.... I come in? 5. You...
not smoke here. 6.... I take your book? I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He... not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I... go. 9. They... not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You... read this text: it is easy enough. 11. She... still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He... be writing a book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. He... enjoy life. 14. My friend Danielle isn't a famous artist. But she... even paint Russian icons. I... only admire her beautiful pictures. She... be a woman of great talents. She... speak German, French and English. She... translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She... also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does.
509
, must, may .
1. ? 2. -. 3. ? 4. ? . 5. , . 6. ? . 7. . . 8. ? . 9. .
10. ?
11. .
12. . 13. . . 14. ?
412 .
HAVE Η BE TO
HAVE TO
BE TO1 ,
I have to go there. I had to go there.
()
I am to go there. I was to go there.
, ,
(,
)
510
.
1. I was to wait for her at the railway station.
2. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.
3. We were to get there before the others. 4. He was to tell her where to find us. 5. She was to graduate that year. 6. She was to wear that dress at the graduation party. 7. He is to come here at five o'clock. 8. The train was to leave at 5 am. 9. They were to start on Monday. 10. He was to telephone the moment she was out of danger. 11. Roses were to be planted round the pond. 12. There was to be a discussion later on.
1 TO BE : Present Simple Past Simple.
511
, to be to.
E.g. 1) The lecture is supposed to begin at eight. The lecture is to begin at eight.
2) I expect her to come and help. She is to come and help.
3) It was planned that we should wait for them at the door.
We were to wait for them at the door.
4) It was arranged that he should meet her at
the station.
He was to meet her at the station.
5) Who will take care of the children?
Who is to take care of the children?
1. What am I supposed to do if they come too early? 2. It was arranged that the youngest children would play on the beach. 3. We expect you to show the place to her. 4. I am expected to leave tomorrow at the latest. 5. Where am I supposed to be taken? 6. This is Dora. It is arranged that she will share the room with you. 7. And who will do the cooking? 8. It is expected that two more apartment houses will be built here. 9. It was arranged that the cup final would be played that afternoon. 10. Who will meet you at the station?
512
to have to to be to.
1. Where... the lecture to take place? I suppose in the assembly hall. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I... to go to the library and bring.the books.
414 .
You... to look through all the material here. Later we... to work together. 3. "You... to do it alone, without anybody's help," she said sternly. 4. I... to help my friends with this work now, so I cannot go with you. 5. It was raining hard and we... to wait until it stopped raining. 6. I... to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. Why didn't you tell me that I... to buy the books? 8. According to the order of the schoolmistress all the pupils... to return the library books before the twenty-third of May. 9. As we had agreed before, we... to meet at two o'clock to go to the stadium together. But Mike did not come. I waited for another half hour, but then I... to leave as I was afraid to be late. 10. The meeting... to begin at five o'clock. Don't be late.
513
to have to to be to.
1. She... to send a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. 2. They decided that she... to send them a telegram every tenth day. 3. You... to learn all the new words for the next lesson. 4. Do you know this man? He... to be our new teacher of history. 5. Who... to go to the library to get the new books? I was, but I couldn't because I... to finish some work at the language laboratory. 6. It is raining. You... to put on your raincoat. 7. "The patient... to stay in bed for a few days," ordered the doctor. 8. The child had stomach trouble and... to take castor oil. 9. I told her she... to open the window for a while every day. 10. The agreement was that if Johnny White could not repay the money he had borrowed, then Luke Flint... to have the right
to sell the land. 11. If I don't ring up before six o'clock, then you... to go to the concert hall alone and wait for me at the entrance. Is that clear? 12. The planters... to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were expected. 13. I... to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak. 14. Johnny White... to borrow from Luke Flint at a high interest, for there was no one else in the dis
