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FAQ

The Bank and the Money Supply 4 . 5. , ; :

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5. , ; : , , , , . , ( ) .

 

6. , , . . ( ), .. , , - , ?

 

7. , , . , , , , .

 

5.

 

MY FAMILY AND ME

 

My name is . I am years old. I study at Belovo Institute (branch) of Kemerovo State University. I am a first-year student at Economics faculty. I am going to be an economist. At present I work at Company , (school, library, ). I am a shop-assistant (secretary, accountant, ). I dedicate all my spare time to studies. My hobby is listening to music, dancing, playing football. My family is large: my husband, my daughter, two sons and me.

My husbands name is . He is years old. He woks at school (open-cast mine, hospital, railway station). He is a teacher (miner, doctor, militiaman, driver). His hobbies are hunting, fishing and gardening. My daughters name is . She is years old. She goes to kindergarten (school). She likes drawing, playing badminton (ping-pong), watching cartoons. My sons names are .

       
 

railway station). He is a teacher (miner, doctor, militiaman, driver). His hobbies are hunting, fishing and gardening. My daughters name is . She is years old. She goes to kindergarten (school). She likes drawing, playing badminton (ping-pong), watching cartoons. My sons names are . They are and years old. They go to kindergarten (school). The eldest like to play computer games and read books. The youngest is fond of music (sports: football, basketball, hockey). We spend a lot of time together: we like to travel by car in our region and neighbor-regions. Sometimes we travel by train to see our relatives and friends. Sometimes we travel by plane to the capital of our country and abroad.

3.

 

I. . .

II. . : , .

III. . .

 

I. I -ing. : read + -ing = reading

, -. :

a reading boy

a singing girl

, -. : Reading the new text the student didnt make any mistakes. , .

II , -ed, .

-, -, -. : produced , ; written

II ( ), ( ), . :
 
   
 

 
 

 

7 seven 17 seventeen 27 twenty-seven 30 thirty-seven 1000 one

8 eight 18 eighteen 28 twenty-eight 30 thirty-eight thousand

9 nine 19 nineteen 29 twenty-nine 30 thirty-nine 1000000 one

10 ten 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty million

 

 

1 the first 11 the eleventh 21 the twenty- first 40 the fortieth

2 the second 12 the twelfth 22 the twenty- second 50 the fiftieth

3 the third 13 the thirteenth 23 the twenty- third 60 the sixtieth

4 the forth 14 the fourteenth 24 the twenty-forth 70 the seventieth

5 the fifth 15 the fifteenth 25 the twenty-fifth 80 the eightieth

6 the sixth 16 the sixteenth 26 the twenty-sixth 90 the ninetieth

7 the seventh 17 the seventeenth 27 the twenty-seventh

8 the eighth 18 the eighteenth 28 the twenty-eighth

9 the ninth 19 the nineteenth 29 the twenty-ninth

10 the tenth 20 the twentieth 30 the thirtieth

 

 

4.

 

1. , , . , : , ? , . "" , , , , .

 

2. , ( ). , , , .

 

3. , , , .

 

Customers can get information of all the produced goods in the catalogue. .

The goods produced by the company are in great demand. , , .

 

1. , :

  1. Governments intervene in economies controlling the supply of money, limiting monopolies and helping private industries.
  2. An improvement in technology will increase the supply of a good, increasing the quantity supplied at each possible price.
  3. Governments regulate economic activities imposing some restrictions.
  4. The governments can influence for whom goods are produced, taking income away from some people and giving it to others.
  5. The high price for a good is the market mechanism telling suppliers it is now time to increase production.
  6. The developing countries hope that the industrial countries will raise imports from the less developed countries imposing tariffs on imports from other industrial countries.
  7. Income is money of all kinds coming in regularly to a person, family or organization.
  8. Firms producing computers act as buyers in the markets for the services of computer programmers.
  9. Reducing our imports, we decrease the exports of others.
  10. At prices above equilibrium we have a situation known as excess supply, or surplus.
  11. Exports are goods and services sold to other countries.
  12. In free market economies changes in price are never results of regulations imposed by governments.
  13. Imposing some restrictions on food prices, governments make it possible for all the people to buy enough food.
  14. Knowing that their resources are limited, people make a decision how to allocate them in the best possible way ( ).
  15. The government can regulate monopolies controlling the prices or supplying the products itself.
  16. Excess supply is a situation in which, at a certain price, the quantity of a good demanded by buyers is less than the quantity supplied by producers.
  17. The economist is interested in the role of costs and profits affecting the firm's supply decisions and the allocation of resources for producing particular goods.

 

II. . , -


 

 

3.

 

1 one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one 30 thirty-one 50 fifty

2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty-two 30 thirty-two 60 sixty

3 thre 13 thirteen 23 twenty-three 30 thirty-three 70 seventy

4 four 14 fourteen 24 twenty-four 30 thirty-four 80 eighty

5 five 15 fifteen 25 twenty-five 30 thirty-five 90 ninety

6 six 16 sixteen 26 twenty-six 30 thirty-six 100 one hundred

       
 

. , .

-er, -est, more, most . : large larger the largest; effective more effective the most effective. : good better the best; bad worse the worst; little less the least; many more the most; much more the most; far farther the farthest. :

such as

as as

as as possible

not so as

as to

the same as

 

2. , :

1. At low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

2. Profits are the highest at the output level at which marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue.

3. Mrs Burke was much younger and more good-looking than my mother.

4. We had the loveliest day. Father and the boys fished, the girls met quite a lot of people.

5. Mother said it had been the most wonderful day in her life.

6. William Shakespeare, the greatest and most famous of English writers, was born in Stratford-on-Avon.

7. Lawrence Washington, George's eldest brother, had married a Miss Fairfax, whose father lived in Virginia and was a relative of Lord Fairfax, a rich land owner of the colony.

8. A few years later the American colonies had a war with England.

9. The farther north we go, the hotter it gets. In bad times, and in the driest parts, many animals may die for want of water.

10. New York is the largest city in the United States and one of the largest cities in the world.

11. Wall Street in Manhattan is the most important banking centre in the world.

12. You can see the newest plays and shows on Broadway.

13. The oldest place-names in the United States are, of course, Indian.

14. One of the most striking features of English life is the self-discipline and courtesy of people of all classes.

15. "Yes, Mr. Weston" or "No, Mrs. Baker" is more common in a similar situation in the North or West.

16. I would say that London offers the widest range of ethnic cuisine in the world; some are better than others, and you can eat extremely well here.
 
   
 

 
 

17. Beethoven was opening up what he called a "new path", a more expressive and dramatic musical language, richer in emotion and deeper in thought than the other music of his time.

18. During the last period, Beethoven's break with the past was sharper than ever.

19. For each level of output, the marginal costs are lower as the input price decreases

 

III. - , . - , . to be + V3 (. ) , . , am/ is/ are + V3, am/ is/ are being + V3, have/ has been + V3, was/ were + V3, was/ were being + V3, had been + V3, shall/ will be + V3, shall/ will have been + V3. , to be, .

to buy:

Present Simple Passive am/ is/ are bought

Present Progressive Passive am/ is/ are being bought

Present Perfect Passive have/ has been bought

Past Simple Passive was/ were bought

Past Progressive Passive was/ were being bought

Past Perfect Passive had been bought

Future Simple Passive shall/ will be bought

Future Perfect Passive shall/ will have been bought

 

3. , , - :

1. Production and consumption are coordinated through prices.

2. Resource allocation decisions are being made every day in every city.

3. Goods are produced on farms or in factories. Goods of the both groups are consumed by the people who buy them.

4. Much coffee was bought by the Brazilian government from farmers for export.


 

       
 

5. The ideas of Adam Smith have been studied by economists for over two hundred years.

6. A high level of production will be achieved if we allocate enough resources to agriculture.

7. The ideas of Karl Marx had been studied and discussed by economists for over sixty years before Russians put them in practice.

8. Goods and services for the army will have been ordered by the government by the end of the year.

9. The prices and levels of consumption of different goods and services were being monitored by the economists for several years.

10. Economic activity is regulated by the government through restrictions and regulations.

  1. The increase in the number of people in the world is followed at present by an increase in per capita consumption.

12. A government planning office decides what will be produced, how it will be produced, and for whom it will be produced.

4.

 

I. Demand and Supply.

II. My Family and Me.

 

I. , , :

 

Demand and Supply

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price1. Other things equal, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An
 
   
 

 
 

improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices.

Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.

II. ( , ).

5.

I. . , .

II. . , .

III. Economic Systems.

 

I. :

1) , ;

2) , .. , ;

3) (, , );

4) to;

5) 3- , Present Simple -(e)s;

6) .

 

. can : 1) : He can read English. -. Can you swim? ? She cannot walk quickly, she is too young. , . 2) : The factory can produce 200 fridges this year. 200 .

can could: I could speak Chinese when I was a child and lived with my parents in China. -, , . can be able to : She will be able to pass the exam in two days. .


 

2.

 

List of irregular verbs

       
 

may : 1) : May I come in? ? You may use my text-book. . 2) : He may come. , .

may might: She might translate the text yesterday using my text-book and dictionary. , . may be allowed to : They wont be allowed to enter the restaurant as they are not properly dressed. , .

must , : 1) , : I must help my friends. . 2) , : You must do exercise 27 at home. 27 .

have to , .. , , (, , ); to; 3- , Present Simple have to - s; .

have to , : - . I have to go to that conference: everybody else is ill, so I will be the only representative of our project. , , .

be to , , . I am to meet Mrs. Burke at the station. . The factory is to produce 200 fridges this year. 200 .

should , , : You should go and see this movie. .

ought to : 1) , , : Children must help their parents. . 2) , : You have a toothache, you ought to go to the dentist. , .

need
 
   
 

 
 

, , , $5 $100 , 5%)

initially adv , ;

initial , ;

tax revenue ,

eventually adv , ,

eventual ,

to tax v (smth) (-.)

taxed commodity or activity ,

syn. taxable

raise v , (, )

 

The Central Bank and Financial Markets

currency n

deposit n ;

deposit v , ,

sight deposit ;

time deposit

to withdraw (withdrew, withdrawn) a deposit ;

lend (lent, lent) v , (-. -.)

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