| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect | Present Perfect Continuous |
| V, V-s + I (we, you, they) wait, work H e (she, it) waits. - I//We/You/They do not (dont) wait. He/She/It does not (doesnt) wait. ? DoI/you/we/they wait? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. Doeshe (/she, it) wait? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. | am is + V-ing are + I amwaiting. He (she, it) iswaiting. We/ (you, they)arewaiting. - I am not (m not) waiting. He/She/It is not (isnt) waiting. We (you, they) are not (arent) waiting. ? AmI waiting? Ishe (she, it) waiting? Arewe/you/they waiting? Yes, we/they are. No, we/ they arent. | have has + V-ed/3* + I (we, you, they) have left. He (she, it) has left I have =Ive; he has = hes - I//We/You/They have not (havent) left He/She/It has not (hasnt) left. ? Have I (we, you, they) left? Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he (she, it) left? - Yes, he has. No, he hasnt. *. 䳺 | have has + been + V-ing + I (we, you, they) have been waiting He (she, it) has been waiting - I (we, you, they) haven not (= havent) beenwaiting long. He/She/It has not (hasnt) been waiting long. ? Have I (we, you, they) been waiting long? - Yes, I have. No, I havent. Has he (she, it) been waiting long? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt |
䳺
| Present Simple () V-s | Present Continuous - ing | Present Perfect - ed | Present Perfect Continuous - - ing |
| 䳺, , -s -es 3 . He swim s, she runs, it sleep s, the dog bark s : 1. ij 3 es ● -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o ►es I go she goes I kiss he kiss es I wash - he washes we watch he watches we fix he fixes ● + y ► es, y i I copy - he copies I try - he tries I fly - he flies 2. 䳺 + y ► s, 'y ', s, . say says buy buy s destroy destroys | 1. 䳺 - e, - ing. mak e - making, dictat e dictating, advis e - advising, argu e arguing 2. 䳺 , -ing . sit sitt ing,put putt ing plan planning, run - running : hop hopping, hope - hoping; tap tapping tap e taping 3. 䳺 -ie, -ie ► -y + ing die - dying tie - tying lie - lying 4. 䳺 , -ing. be'gin - beginning, refer - referring, omit - omitting , , -ing. ′offer - offering, listen - listening, open - opening, differ - differing 5. l, .* control - controlling cancel cancelling travel travelling * (Am.E.) travel-traveling | -ed : 1. 䳺 - e, -ed. liv e - liv ed, danc e danc ed + y ► i + ed, y i ed: tr y - tr i ed, modif y - modif i ed y - , y : stay - stayed, play - played 2. 䳺 , . rob - robbed, plan - planned, stop - stopped, shop - shopped 3. 䳺 , . per'mit - permitted 4. l, , , l .* quarrel - quarrelled travel travelled *(Am. E.) travel traveled | . Present Continuous |
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| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect | Present Perfect Continuous - |
| Nick generally communicates with me by email or by phone. He sends memessages quite often. He sends you messages quite often, doesnthe? Yes, he does. He doesnt phone you every day, doeshe? - No, he doesnt. Doeshe sendyou messages quite often? Doesnt he send you messages every day? Does he callyou every day or every week? How often does he send you messages? Who sends you messages so often? : I am, arent I? : Im a bit late, arent I? :Im not late, am I? | Kelly is learning to drive at the moment. She is trying to park the car at the appointed space. Kelly is parking her car, isnt she? Yes, she is. Kelly is not driving to us, is she? No, she isnt. Is Kelly takingthe car to her garage? IsntKelly parking the car at the appointed space? Is she parking the car at the appointed space or isshe taking it to the garage? Where isshe parking the car? What is Kelly doing? Who is learning to drive at the moment? | Anita has bought a notebook. She hasnt sold her old computer yet. Anita has bought a notebook, hasntshe? - Yes, she has. Anita hasnt sold her old notebook yet, hasshe? - No, she hasnt. Has Anita bought a new notebook? - Yes, she has. Hasshe sold her old computer yet? Hasnt she sold her old computer yet? : , when Past Simple, a Present Perfect. : They ve bought a new luxury car. Have they? When did they buy it? | It has been raining for about two hours. It has been raining for about two hours, hasntit? - Yes, it has. It hasnt been raining all day today, hast it? - No, it hasnt. Has it been raining long? How long has itbeen raining? Since when has it been raining? |
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| Present Simple | Present Continuous | Present Perfect | Present Perfect Continuous |
| always every day/week/month/year usually, generally very/quite often sometimes now and then occasionally (very) rarely never on Sunday at weekends : 䳺, am/is/ are. : They usuallyeat out on Sunday. You are always busy. | now at the moment at present these days nowadays currently (=at the present time) still always | ever never just already yet not yet lately, recently so far this week, today since all this time | How long....? for twenty minutes for half an hour for an hour for an hour and a half for hours for a few days, etc. since all day/night/morning (long) all this time |
| 1. .I have a friend Maxim. We are students. We both like sport and fast driving. 2. 䳿, , , , . Maxim usually waits for me after classes. When I get to the office, I always check up my email. . . 3. . The sun rises in the east. Ice melts when heated. Money is not the solution to every problem. 4. (, .), , ( , , ). The train to Paris leaves at 10 a.m. Our next meeting is on Monday, as usual. It starts at 10 a.m. 5. 䳺, : - know, remember, forget, regret, understand, realize, believe; - want, wish, need, prefer, like, love, admire, hate; - have, own, belong to, include; - hear, see, smell, taste, etc. 6. Why dontyou/we .? - / .?, . Why dont you contact Eric he may be able to help? 7. , ', ,, . - How do I get to your office? - When you get off the bus, you gostraight on to the traffic lights, then you come to a bank, you turn left and then .. 8. if(), unless( ), when, as soon as . IfDennis studies hard, he will pass his exams. IfDennis doesnt studyhard, he wont pass his exams. = Unless Dennis studies hard, he wont pass his exams. | 1. ij, , Look, Maxim is waiting for you. , , . 2. ij, , , My brother is looking for a new job these days. , . 3. ij, , . Daniel is leaving for Paris tomorrow. . . , . 4. dz always, , . always , . She is alwaysdoubting my words. You are always interrupting me. , /. 5. , ( , , ). The climate on our planet is getting warmer and warmer every year. More and more people are choosing to spend their holidays abroad. | 1. ij, , 䳺, :be, have, hear, like, love, hate, know, understand, etc. : a) since, for; I have known Emily since we were at school. She has been the manager of our firm for 5 years. b) ever, never, so far, yet, etc.; I ve never been to Africa before. . Has he decidedyet what to do? ) : Its(This is) the first timeI (we, you, he, etc.) have/has done smth. Its the third time he has phoned her this evening. Its the best comedy I ve ever seen. Its the most attractive offerweve ever had. 2. ij, , . , . Maximhas left. , . . , 䳿. Have you heard the news? Mary has got married. Our telephone number has changed. 3. ij, , just, recently, already, yet. Ive just washedmy hair.: . Look, mum! Weve pickeda lot of mushrooms. : , . 4. ij, today, this morning/week/month/year, , .. . I havent seen our HR manager this morning. Have you? : have goneto/ have been to/ have been in Haveyou ever been to Italy? Yes, Ive been there three times. . ' . Wherere our new neighbours? -Theyve gone to Italy. 볿 . They have been in Italy for 3 months. / . | 1. ij, , , , Present Perfect, , , , (for an hour/for a week, all morning, all this time). Maxim has been waiting for you for half an hour.³ . . 5 - 䳺, Present Perfect, a Present Perfect ontinuous. 2. 䳿. The roads are wet. It has been rainingall night long. , . . You look so tired! Im. I ve been driving all day. Your eyes are red and puffy. Have you been crying? 3. . Who has been taking money out of my purse? . . |
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䳺,
1. : like, love, adore, detest, dislike, prefer, hate;
2. : want, wish, desire, need, satisfy;
3. , : have, own, possess, belong, etc.;
4. : see, look, hear, sound, smell, taste, feel;
5. , , , , : agree, guess, believe/think/suppose, expect (that), doubt, forget, remember, recognize, remind, resemble, realise, know, notice, understand, etc.;
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6. 䳺 : remain/stay (=continue to be), keep, seem/appear, prove;
7. 䳺, :
be,consist of, contain, comprise, include, mean, matter, depend on, rely
on, require, cost, etc.
ij, ,
| Present Simple () | Present Continuous () | |
| smell | It smells () of spring. It smells of freshly baked bread. | She is smelling () the roses. |
| taste | It tastes ( ) very good. | Im tasting () the soup to see if it is OK. |
| see | I see () what you mean. I can see () a light in the distance. | Im seeing () Sam this evening. |
| look | Angela doesnt look ( ) her age at all. You look () so pretty in this dress. | Were looking () at the photos. |
| feel | The scarf feels ( ) soft. I feel (, ) we shouldnt do it. | Im just feeling (, ) the quality of this towel. |
| have | They have () a beautiful house in Green Street. | We are having a party ( ) this Saturday. * have breakfast/lunch/dinner; have a shower/a bath; have a party/ a meeting; have problems/difficulties |
| think | What do you think ( - ) of the government? | What are you thinking () about, Vic? About our journey to Italy. |
| expect | I expect (, ) that youre tired. Economists expect (, ) that the rate of inflation will rise. | We are expecting (,) Alison home any minute now. |
| fit | This jacket fits ( ) you pretty well. The music fits () the words perfectly. | The plumber is fitting () the sink at the moment. |
| weigh | Now the baby weighs () more. | The nurse is weighing () the baby. |
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