1. ()
2.
3. - ∆l, ∆b
4. ε = ∆ l\ l
5. ε1 = ∆ b\ b
6. ( : 0,25 0,35) = ε1\ ε
:
1. σ , .
2. σ , ()
3. σ.. , . (σ. σ. ,)
4. - σ.., σ..
1. .
2. σ
3. σ [σ]
4. n
) n = 1,52 -
) n = 2,54 -
5.
) [σ] = σ.\n
) [σ] = σ.\n
. ().
1. σ, τ.
2. , .
3. 
τ Q τ = Q\S
4. - γ .
| () | (). | |
| σ = N\S | τ = Q\S | |
| σ | τ | |
| N | Q | |
| S | S | |
| , () = . |
.
1. τ γ
τ = G γ
G
2. ()
σ = ε
|
|
|
()
| () | . | |
| σ = ε | τ = G γ | |
| σ | τ | |
| G | ||
| ε- | γ - | |
| : |
1. :
)
)
1. .
2. .
3. - .
4. .
5. . - , .
6. , .
