AD . AD : , ( ) , , , . ) , ) ( ), ) .
, . - , , , , .
, , .. (, ). .
, , .
, , , , , : , , , , , , - , , .. ( 2.1, 2.2) AD1 ( ) ( ).
- , .
4.2 , . .
AS , ( ) .
AS - . . ( 2-3- ) . (, , ) . ( , , ) , "". , , , , .
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. :
( ) ;
;
, , ();
, .
AS Y*, .. , ( 2.3).
2.3
. :
;
, , ;
( , , .) , .
AS ( ) ( ), 2.4.
2.4
: , , , .
, , ( ). . , AS , , .. AS.
, . () .
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AD-AS , AS , . AS : I (), II () III (), , ( 2.5).
P
AD1 AD2 AS
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Y1 Y2 Y* Y
2.5
, , .., AS- - .
4.3 AD AS . ( AS) ( AS). , : (, ). , Y* ( AS 2.5).
, ( , , .) AD , ( AS).
, AD - AS ( Y Y*, , ). . : , .. , , . AS ( 2.6).
P AD2 AD1 AS
E2 E1
P1
Y2 Y1 Y
2.6
. . , ( ), , , ( ) . AD-AS , .
, ( ) . , ( AD -), , , , . , .
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5 :