, . , , , . , XVII . - : . - , . , , , . , ( ) , - .
.
. .
( ). , . , , . . - , , , .
, - (. . XI . . .) , . . .
. (II . .. II . ..) : , , , , , .
( VII-X . ) , , , , . , .
|
|
. (XII .) , , , XIII . . , , , . ( ). , (XIII .), , , .
. (.. ) . , , , .
. . , - (. 12). , , , ; , . jus feciale. 3 . , !
. XII . . -, . XVI . , , . , .
. , . , (!) . .
. XIXIII . . , . . . 3- (1179 .) , , . ( ) XIV XV ., . XVI . , . XVII . .
XVIII . . (1743 .) . , .
|
|
. . - 3- . , , , , , . , . XIII . . , .
.
, , . IV . . . (). , , - ( ; ), , .
. ( ) . , . : , . , , . , .
( 1280 . . .) . , , , . , .
. , ( , ), , , . VIV . . . : 20. (), (), , , ( ).
50, 100 , . , .
. , , , fas. ( ). , .
|
|
(, . .) . ( ). . : , ; .
. XVI .: 1535 . . .
. VII . . . , , . , , . , ().
, . XIV . ( 1303 . ), XVII . ( 1661 . I ).
- ( , , - , , .) , ( . .). XVII . , .
: 1494 . ( 370 - -, - ). , . , XVI-XVII ., .
1648 . ( ) . 4 , - : 1) ; 2) ; 3) , ; 4) . .
|
|
.
( ). . , . . , .
( ) . , . .
, . , , . , . . (diploma).
. fas, jus feciale, (. 12). (, II . . .) . . .
, , . , . I . . . , , .
. , , , , . XVII . , . , . , . . : , XVII . .
, . , (VII .). , , ; (1288 .). , . XIII . ambaxadea (). XV . , . , Exellence, , . ( ) , XVIII . , 1660 . , , , , . , , XV . , .
|
|
. (XI-XII .). XIV-XV . : - XV . , , , . XVI . ( ), ; .
XVII . , ( ), , .
XVII . : . (1651 .) , (jus inter gentium jus gentium), . , , (1625 .)). , . (1648 .) : , , , . XVII . , (. 34), ( ), . , - , , .
................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
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1. ............................................................................................................ 4
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2. ........................................................................................ 10
- ..................................................................................................................................... 10
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.................................................................................................................................................................... 11
XIX .............................................................................................................. 12
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- .................................................................................................................................................... 13
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3. ................................................................................................................. 16
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- ............................................................................................................................ 17
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I. ........................................................................................................... 21
4. ..................................................................................................... 22
4.1. .............................................................................................................................. 22
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4.2. ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
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4.3. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28
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5. ........................................................................................................... 30
5.1. ............................................................................................................................................ 30
- ............................................................................................................ 30
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- ................................................................................................................................................................... 32
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5.2. .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
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6. ................................................................................................................................................................... 35
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7. ( )............................................................................................................... 40
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: ......................................................................................................................................... 41
- ................................................................................................................................................................... 42
- .......................................................................................................................................................................... 42
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8. ........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
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- .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
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II. ............................................................................................................. 50
9. .................................................................................................................. 51
9.1. ...................................................................................................... 51
- .................................................................................................................................... 51
: ................................................................................................................................... 53
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9.2. ................................................................................................................................................................. 55
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9.3. ........................................................................................................................................... 58
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10. ............................................................................................................................. 60
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11. ......................................................................................... 66
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12. .............................................................................................................................. 71
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........................................................................................................................................................ 72
. ................................................................................................................ 74
- .......................................................................................................................................................................... 75
13. ................................................................................................................... 76
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- ............................................................................................................................................................................ 77
................................................................................................................................................ 78
- .................................................................................................................................... 80
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14. ............................................................................................................................ 82
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15. .................................................................................................................................. 88
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...................................................................................................................................... 90
................................................................................................................................................... 92
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............................................................................................................................................................. 95
16. - ........................................................................................................... 96
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......................................................................................................................................................................... 97
................................................................................................................................................. 98
........................................................................................................................................................................ 100
17. ............................................................................................................................................................... 101
.................................................................................................................................................. 101
XII : ............................................................................................................................. 103
- ...................................................................................................................................... 104
() ........................................................................................................................................................ 105
..................................................................................................................................................................... 106
18. ........................................................................... 107
. ............................................................................................................. 107
. .............................................................................................................. 108
....................................................................................................................................................................... 110
. ................................................................................................ 111
19. ................................................................................................................................... 113
...................................................................................................................................................................... 113
- ........................................................................................................................................................................ 113
() ........................................................................................................................................................ 115
..................................................................................................................................................................... 117
20. ................................................................................. 119
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............................................................................................................................. 120
.................................................................................................................................................................. 121
............................................................................................................................................................ 122
21. ........................................................................................................................................................ 124
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........................................................................................................................................................... 125
Corpus juris civilis..................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
...................................................................................................................................... 128
III. .............................................................................................................. 129
22. ................................................................................................................ 130
......................................................................................................................... 130
22.1. .............................................................................................................................................................. 131
...................................................................................................................................................................... 131
........................................................................................................................................................................ 132
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22.2. ................................................................................................................................................ 135
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................................................................................................................................................................. 138
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23. .............................................................................................................................................................................. 140
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- ......................................................................................................................................................... 142
....................................................................................................................................................................................... 143
................................................................................................................................................................... 144
24. .................................................................................................... 146
................................................................................................................................................... 146
................................................................................................................................ 147
. ................................................................................................................................... 148
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25. .................................................................................................................. 151
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................................................................................................................................................................................ 156
26. ................................................................................................................ 157
26.1. XI XIII ..................................................................................................................................................... 157
............................................................................................................................................................ 157
............................................................................................................................................................ 158
II............................................................................................................................................................................... 159
26.2. XIII XV ............................................................................................................................................. 160
.................................................................................................................................................................................... 160
................................................................................................................................................................. 161
........................................................................................................................................ 162
26.3. XVI XVII ................................................................................................................... 163
............................................................................................................................................................. 163
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 164
.............................................................................................................................................................. 164
............................................................................................................................................. 165
27. ........................................................................................................................................ 166
................................................................................................................................................................. 166
. ................................................................................................................... 167
.................................................................................................................................................................... 168
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 170
28. .......................................................................................................... 171
28.1. () XIII ...................................................................................................................... 171
........................................................................................................................................ 171
................................................................................................................................. 172
IX.......................................................................................................................................................................... 173
28.2. XIV XV ............................................................................................................................................. 173
........................................................................................................................................................ 173
............................................................................................................................................................................... 174
...................................................................................................................................................... 175
28.3. : XVI XVII ............................................................................. 176
- ...................................................................................................................................... 176
...................................................................................................................................... 177
....................................................................................................................................................... 178
29. ........................................................................................................... 179
29.1. ............................................................................................................... 179
................................................................................................................................ 179
.......................................................................................................................................................... 181
.................................................................................................................................................... 181
XIV XV ........................................................................................................................... 182
29.2. : .................................................................................................. 184
........................................................................................................................................... 184
.............................................................................................................................................. 185
30. : -........................................................................ 187
............................................................................................................................................. 187
........................................................................................................................................ 188
..................................................................................................................................... 189
................................................................................................................................................. 190
.............................................................................................................................................................. 191
31. ............................................................................................................. 192
.............................