.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

, , , . , . , , .

: MV = PY. , (MV) (PY), . ,

 

MV = PY.= . (25.1)

 

, , .. . (Y) . . , . () MS, () .

. 25.2 - .

25.2

:

, . , .
. .
. .
. .
(Y) . .

 

, , , , (Y), ..

%∆MS = %∆ (%∆Y). (25.2)

. , (Y). , , .

. 25.3. , AS , .. . , AD1 AD2 , . Y1 Y2 .

 
 

 


, . , 3 %. - 1 % . 4 % .

. , 140 . ., 1568 . ., .. . , 12 %. , . 12 %, 12 % , . 4 % , MS 12 % ( ) 4 % 8 %. . , ∆MS 4 % , , ∆MS 4 % , .

, , , , : , . , , . , . , , . . , , . . , , , . . , , .

, ( ) , , , .

 

25.4. - : IS-LM

-

 

IS-LM . , , . r , Y, . IS-LM AD-AS.

IS , ( ), , .. (AD=Y) , , (In=S). (In). (r), (S) (Y), .

IS . 25.4. . 25.4 . MS MS MD 1 2 r1 r2. . 25.4 In In1 In2 AD1 AD2 . 25.4.

 
 

 


AD1 AD2 AS ( 45˚ , ) . 25.4 ( ) Y1 Y2, In=S. Y1 r1 In1, Y2 - r2 In2. (Y1; r1) (Y2; r2) IS, . 25.4.

LM , ( ), , .. . , , (Y) .

LM . 25.5.

 

 

 

. 25.5 MS MD(Y1) MD(Y2). MD(Y1) , , Y1. MD(Y2) , , Y2. r2 r1. . 25.5 (Y1; r1) (Y2; r2), , Y1 Y2. LM.

IS-LM ( -). , ( ) ( ) , (. 25.6).

 

 

, , , .

. IS, (ESG) , . , , IS. , , IS. IS, (EDG) , . IS.

. LM, (EDM). - . . LM, (ESM), . ( ) LM.

. . 25.6, , . , . , , . . , , , . , LM. LM.

. . 25.7, . ∆G , , , MPG ∆G IS1 IS2. 1 2. , , . 3 3.?

 

 
 

 


. . 25.8, . LM1 LM2. 1 ESM, , , , . , r2, 2. - . , LM2 3. r3, , .

 


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