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I. 6




 

53. VI ( ), . 3 . 56 . , (. 1, 3 . 56 ); ( ) . , , 200 (370,4 , . 57 ). . 60 , . () .

54. 3- (1973 - 1982 .). . 1 2007 125 , 14 - <166>. .

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<166> - (, , ) . 25 1994 . (BGBl 1994 II, 3770). .: . Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 236ff; Czybulka. Forschungsbedarf im marinen Fischereirecht, FS Schmidt, 2006, 803 (823ff); Wolff. Fisheries and the Environment, 2002, 144ff. 200 , , 400 , . . 74 . .: Lagoni. Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 280ff. . : . 56, 58 . .

 

) :

 

55. ([legal] continental shelf/plateau continental) . , , 28 1945 , <167>. 1951 - () <168>, , , , 1958 , 1950- (, , ) <169>. 1969 ; ipso iure <170>. 1982 , (. . 76, 77 . ).

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<167> "...... ... ". ( ). .: Hoog (Fn 19) 47ff. .: Graf Vitzthum. Der Rechtsstatus des Meeresbodens, 1972, 54ff; .: Lagoni. Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 29ff.

<168> : ICLQ 1 (1952) 247.

<169> "" ( ). 1953 . , , " "; , (YBILC 1953 I, 91). ( 29 1964 .), . ( 1 2007 .) 13 ( , , ). 27 , 1958 ., 1982 . ( , , , , , , , , , ), .

<170> ICJ Reports 1969, 4 ( 19, 39, 43). 1978 ., ICJ Reports 1978, 5 ( 86). ( "", "").

 

56. 76 <171> . , (200 ). , 350 100 2500- ( ), (. 76 ) <172>. () 200 ( - , ). , , (. 136 ), , (); , <173> (. 76 ). (. 4 . 82 ); - 200 (. 6 . 246 ). . 6 1958 <174>. . 1 . 74 , . 1 . 83 . 3 . 74 . 3 . 83 , " ". , <175>. 1989 . ; <176>.

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<171> . 1 1958 . .: Hoog (Fn 19) 42ff; Smith/Taft. Legal Aspects of the Continental Shelf // Cook/Carleton (Hrsg). Continental Shelf Limits, 2000, 17ff.

<172> , (continental margin/marge continentale). , (. 1 3 . 76 ). , 200 (= ) , 1% ; , 60 , 350 100 2500- ( , ). () , , . 200 , . 8 . 76 (. . 3 . 77, . 84 ). "" , , , , 200 , . Cook/Carleton (. 171). .: Hedberg. Relation of Political Boundaries on the Ocean Floor to the Continental Margin, VJIL 17 (1977) 57ff. : Lagoni. Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 74ff.

<173> Graf Vitzthum (Fn 167) 226ff. , 1950- . , 20 ( ): " ... [ ], [ ], . ! (. 1 . 76 ) (. 136 ).

<174> (principle of equidistance/principe ) (ICJ Reports 1969, 3 69). (ICJ Reports 1982, 18 44, 109ff). .: Lagoni. Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 294ff.

<175> .: (ICJ Reports 1969, 3, 53). equitable solution .: . 99 . .

<176> , 11.12.1989, , , - , . .: Miyoshi. The Joint Development of Offshore Oil and Gas in Relation to Maritime Boundary Delimitation, 1999, 17ff. 2001 . , , , , , , . 20.05.2002 (United Nations [Hrsg], Law of the Sea Bulletin N 51, 96), , . (common deposits) .: Flormann-Pfaff, Lagerstatten im - Joint Development, 1994; Lagoni, Oil and Gas Deposits Across National Frontiers, AJIL 73 (1979) 215ff; ders. Seerecht, Kap 3 Rn 309ff.; Raster. Die Rechtsordnung des Festlandsockels, 1977, 409.

 

57. , , , <177>, 200 , ( ). . 78 , , , , , (. . 58, 87 ), . (. 74 ). , . 81 " ", - , . , (. . 80, 60 ) .

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<177> (. 3 . 77 ). .

 

58. . , , <178>. , , , , , ( - , , . 38 ). , 1982 ( ), . . , , . . 80 . . 60 56 ( , ), . 81 ( , ), . . 210 216 ( , ). , , , . (terra firma), (the land domitates the sea) <179>. 200- ( , ), . , de facto . , , . - " . , - , XX , XXI , . , / , . , "" (creeping international jurisdiction) .

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<178> Graf Vitzthum. Terraneisierung des Meeres, EA 31 (1976) 129ff. . 6 . 76 .: Symonds et al. Ridge Issues // Cook/Carleton (Fn 171) 285ff. " 200 (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , - , , , , , ). " 200 ", 1958 . (, , , , , , , , , - , , , , , , , ).

<179> (ICJ Reports 1969, 3, 51); (ICJ Reports 1978, 4, 36).

 

4. (2):

 

) :

 

59. , <180>, , . , , , , . ( , ( ), 50% ) " ", , . , - , <181>. , , : - ( ) <182>, <183>.

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<180> " " (. . 10, 49 . . .).

<181> .: Beck (Fn 24) 73ff; Ydit. Internationalized Territories, 1961, 16ff. , , (. . 3, 5, 19).

<182> . I/1, 344: " ". 2 . 137 , ; , 1994 . . (Beck [Fn 24] 87ff).

<183> , , .

 

60. <184> . : (equitable principles), <185>; , ; , , .

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<184> , , , . , .

<185> (, , , , , , ); . . .: Beck (Fn 24) 53ff. , , ( , . , . ), (. . 3, 5, 19 . .); , .

 

61. . , , - " - " (. 89 ) - , " "; . 1 . 1 . 87 , - <186>. , , " ..." (. 2 . 87 ). ( , . e . 3 . 1 . 87 ): , , , <187>.

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<186> ( Hafner. Verteilung, 148ff) , " , ... ". , .

<187> , , .: . 65 . .

 

" ": . XX , , . , , , <188>, , , . , . , , " ... " ( ) <189>.

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<188> .: . 32.

<189> ; .: Stone, Common But Differentiated Responsibilities in International Law, AJIL 98 (2004) 276ff. .: . 107 . .

 

) : ,

 

62. , , , , . XV - . , ( 1492 ), , . ( 1494 ) <190>. , , , , , , "Mare clausum" (1635). , 1609 , , , (Mare liberum) <191>. , -, - , - <192>. , - , , "" , , . , , , . , , . , , , , XIX , <193>.





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